Social Capital: Its origins and applications in modern sociology
Social Capital: Its origins and applications in modern sociology
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DOI：
10.1146/annurev.soc.24.1.1
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发表时间：
1998-01-01
影响因子：
10.5
通讯作者：
Portes, A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Portes, A
本文回顾了布迪厄、卢里、科尔曼等学者关于社会资本的起源和定义。它区分了社会资本的四个来源，并研究了它们的动态。在社会学文献中，这一概念的应用强调了它在社会控制、家庭支持和由家庭外网络介导的利益中的作用。我提供了这些积极功能的每一个例子。同样的进程的消极后果也值得注意，以便平衡地了解各种力量在起作用。我回顾了四个这样的后果，并用相关的例子来说明它们。最近关于社会资本的著作将这一概念从个人资产扩展到社区甚至国家的一个特征。最后一节描述了这种概念上的延伸，并检查其局限性。我认为，作为社会性的积极后果的简写，社会资本在社会学理论中有着明确的地位。然而，概念的过度扩展可能会损害其启发式价值。
This paper reviews the origins and definitions of social capital in the writings of Bourdieu, Loury, and Coleman, among other authors. It distinguishes four sources of social capital and examines their dynamics. Applications of the concept in the sociological literature emphasize its role in social control, in family support, and in benefits mediated by extrafamilial networks. I provide examples of each of these positive functions. Negative consequences of the same processes also deserve attention for a balanced picture of the forces at play. I review four such consequences and illustrate them with relevant examples. Recent writings on social capital have extended the concept from an individual asset to a feature of communities and even nations. The final sections describe this conceptual stretch and examine its limitations. I argue that, as shorthand for the positive consequences of sociability, social capital has a definite place in sociological theory. However, excessive extensions of the concept may jeopardize its heuristic value.