TRANSPORT MODELING OF BIOLOGICAL TRACERS FROM SEPTIC SYSTEMS
TRANSPORT MODELING OF BIOLOGICAL TRACERS FROM SEPTIC SYSTEMS
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DOI：
10.1016/0043-1354(88)90028-0
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发表时间：
1988-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
12.8
通讯作者：
HARKIN, JM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
ALHAJJAR, BJ;STRAMER, SL;HARKIN, JM
调查了化粪池系统污染个别地下水供应的可能性。氯化物（Cl）和电导率（Ce）作为化学物质和指示细菌-总大肠菌群（TC），粪大肠菌群（FC）和粪链球菌（FS）的示踪剂，测定了7个月的化粪池流出物和地下水样品收集downgradient从17个新的或更换化粪池系统。指示细菌也偶尔确定地下水样品附近的系统连续2年的威尔斯。系统运行5年后，进行了最后一轮分析。地下水位波动的化粪池系统附近进行了监测2年。作为病毒模型，接受三价Sabin口服脊髓灰质炎病毒疫苗的婴儿粪便中的脊髓灰质炎病毒通过将粪便冲下厕所作为单剂量引入一个化粪池系统。在大约一段时间内对流出物和地下水进行脊髓灰质炎病毒检测。6个月数据进行了统计评估和生物污染物传输模型进行了测试，以模拟地下水污染的示踪剂的病原体。没有示踪细菌从17个化粪池系统中的任何一个到达地下水。据推测，细菌被渗透床下的土壤去除;每种细菌类型的平均迁移量<1计数/100 ml，符合美国饮用水法规。脊髓灰质炎病毒从测试的一个化粪池系统进入地下水并在地下水中传播，尽管该系统运行正常。为3.3倍。接种到化粪池中的108 PFU脊髓灰质炎病毒，平均70 PFU/100 ml随流出物从化粪池中逃逸，总体平均62 PFU/100 ml转移到地下水中。与季节性气候因素相比，化粪池系统对其附近地下水位波动的影响很小。
The potential of contamination of individual ground water supplies from septic systems was investigated. Chloride (Cl) and electrical conductivity (Ce) as tracers of chemicals and indicator bacteria-total coliforms (TC), fecal coliforms (FC) and fecal streptococci (FS)-were determined for 7 months in septic tank effluent and ground water samples collected downgradient from 17 new or replacement septic systems. Indicator bacteria were also determined occasionally in ground water samples from wells near the systems for a continuing period of 2 years. Following 5 years of system operation a last round of analyses was conducted. Water table fluctuations in the vicinity of the septic systems were monitored for 2 years. As a model for viruses, poliovirus in feces from babies who had received the trivalent Sabin oral poliovirus vaccine was introduced into one septic system as a single dose by flushing stools down the toilet. Effluent and ground water were assayed for poliovirus over a period of approx. 6 months. The data were evaluated statistically and a biological contaminant transport model was tested to simulate ground water contamination by the tracers of pathogens. No tracer bacteria reached ground water from any of the 17 septic systems. Presumably, the bacteria were removed by the soil under the seepage bed; mean transport was < 1 count/100 ml for each bacterial type, in keeping with U.S. drinking water regulations. Poliovirus entered and spread in ground water from the one septic system tested, even though this system was functioning properly. Of 3.3 .times. 108 PFU of poliovirus inoculated into the septic tank, a mean of 70 PFU/100 ml escaped from the tank with the effluent and an overall mean of 62 PFU/100 ml were transported to ground water. Septic systems had little influence on water table fluctuations in their vicinity, compared to the seasonal climatic factors.