Auction-Based Permit Allocation and Sharing System (A-PASS) for Travel Demand Management
Auction-Based Permit Allocation and Sharing System (A-PASS) for Travel Demand Management
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DOI：
10.1287/trsc.2021.1093
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发表时间：
2022-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Ruijie Li;Y. Nie;Xiaobo Liu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ruijie Li;Y. Nie;Xiaobo Liu
本文提出了一种新的基于数量的需求管理系统，旨在促进拼车。该系统以拍卖的方式出售使用道路设施（概念上称为瓶颈）的时间限制许可证，但鼓励通勤者彼此共享许可证。通勤者可以被分配三种角色中的一种：单独司机、拼车司机或乘客。这种基于拍卖的许可证分配和共享系统（a - pass）的核心是一个三方匹配问题（TMP），该问题将许可证、司机和乘客匹配起来。作为一个整数程序，TMP首先被证明是被它的线性松弛紧密限定的。然后设计了基于经典的维克里-克拉克-格罗夫斯（VCG）机制的定价政策来确定每个通勤者的支付。我们证明了在VCG政策下，只要不同的通勤者的角色和到达时间相同，他们所付出的代价是完全相同的。重要的是，通过控制共享乘车的数量，可以消除VCG政策可能产生的任何赤字。由于出售许可证所产生的收入，这可能会以相对较小的系统效率损失来实现。数值实验结果表明，a - pass对拼车有较强的促进作用。随着共享的增加，所有利益相关者都受益：拼车平台获得更大的利润，通勤者享有更高的效用，社会受益于更有效地利用道路基础设施。
This paper proposes a novel quantity-based demand management system that aims to promote ridesharing. The system sells a time-dependent permit to access a road facility (conceptualized as a bottleneck) by auction but encourages commuters to share permits with each other. The commuters may be assigned one of three roles: solo driver, ridesharing driver, or rider. At the core of this auction-based permit allocation and sharing system (A-PASS) is a trilateral matching problem (TMP) that matches permits, drivers, and riders. Formulated as an integer program, TMP is first shown to be tightly bounded by its linear relaxation. A pricing policy based on the classical Vickrey–Clarke–Groves (VCG) mechanism is then devised to determine the payment of each commuter. We prove that, under the VCG policy, different commuters pay exactly the same price as long as their role and access time are the same. Importantly, by controlling the number of shared rides, any deficit that may arise from the VCG policy can be eliminated. This may be achieved with a relatively small loss to system efficiency, thanks to the revenue generated from selling permits. Results of a numerical experiment suggest A-PASS strongly promotes ridesharing. As sharing increases, all stakeholders are better off: the ridesharing platform receives greater profits, the commuters enjoy higher utility, and society benefits from more efficient utilization of the road infrastructure.