Increased water storage of Lake Qinghai during 2004-2012 from GRACE data, hydrological models, radar altimetry and in situ measurements
Increased water storage of Lake Qinghai during 2004-2012 from GRACE data, hydrological models, radar altimetry and in situ measurements
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根据 GRACE 数据、水文模型、雷达测高和现场测量，2004-2012 年青海湖蓄水量增加
DOI：
10.1093/gji/ggx443
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
2.8
通讯作者：
Du Jinsong
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Wang Linsong;Chen Chao;Thomas Maik;Kaban Mikhail K.;Guentner Andreas;Du Jinsong
青藏高原（TP）的陆地水储存（TWS）变化是与气候变化相关的水动态的敏感指标。使用 GRACE 太空任务和卫星测高数据的联合分析越来越多地用于监测 TWS。本研究的目的是确认基于 GRACE 数据的综合分析可以可靠地监测大型湖泊的水储量变化。本研究重点对位于青藏高原东北部的青海湖进行数据整合和分析，显示自 2004 年以来明显的水位持续上升。我们开发了一个简单的框架，使用空间平均核来估计各个区域的水储存变化，同时最大限度地减少使用陆地表面模型 (LSM) 和现场测量的 GRACE 数据的不确定性造成的影响。 2004-2012 年期间，使用 GLDAS/Noah 和水库测量站估算了与湖泊无关的水储量异常，例如土壤湿度、积雪和水库。我们的结果表明，GRACE 衍生的 TWS（GLDAS/Noah 异常消除后）的质量上升率计算为 0.27 ± 0.12 cm yr−1，或者 GRACE 衍生的 TWS（即 0.27 ± 0.12 cm yr−1）乘以 0.20 ± 0.09 m yr−1 后的平均水位增长率为 0.20 ± 0.09 m yr−1 2004-2012年青海湖网格采用基于盆地函数的比例因子方法，以1/1.34恢复“真实”质量变化信号，相当于体积变化0.86±0.37 km3yr−1，主要是由于青海湖快速膨胀（测高/现场测量为0.44±0.04 km3yr−1）和龙羊峡水库蓄水造成的。 （0.28 ± 0.17 km3yr−1，基于线性高度-体积关系和原位水位观测）。由于 GRACE 的空间分辨率有限，残差信号（GRACE−GLDAS/Noah−水库−青海湖）可能反映了该地区（即哈尔、嘉仁和恩戈林）周围湖泊的质量泄漏和地下水贡献（即地下水不包括在 GLDAS/Noah 中）。结果表明，LSM 和 GRACE 测量的结合使用是监测大型湖泊质量变化的有用方法。此外，我们的分析表明，有必要改进现场强迫参数和地下水位数据中的LSM结果，这将减少GRACE数据应用中的不确定性。仍然需要利用补充模型或原位观测来消除冰川均衡调整和构造过程的影响。
Terrestrial water storage (TWS) changes in the Tibetan Plateau (TP) are sensitive indicators for water dynamics associated with climate variability. Joint analyses using both GRACE space mission and satellite altimetry data are increasingly being used to monitor TWS. The objective of this study is to confirm that it is possible to reliably monitor water storage changes in large lakes based on integrative analysis of GRACE data. This study focuses on data integrated and analysed for Lake Qinghai located in the northeast TP, and shows a clear continuous water-level rise since 2004. We have developed a simple framework to estimate water storage variations in individual regions using a spatial averaging kernel, while simultaneously minimizing the effects resulting from uncertainties of GRACE data using Land Surface Models (LSMs) andin situmeasurements. Water storage anomalies not related to lakes, such as soil moisture, snow and reservoirs, are estimated using GLDAS/Noah and reservoir gauge station for the period 2004–2012. Our results show that the rate of rise in mass of the GRACE-derived TWS (post GLDAS/Noah anomaly removal) is calculated to be 0.27 ± 0.12 cm yr−1, or an average water-level increase rate of 0.20 ± 0.09 m yr−1after GRACE-derived TWS (i.e. 0.27 ± 0.12 cm yr−1) multiplied by 1/1.34 to recover the ‘real’ mass variation signal using scaling factor method based on basin function from grids of Lake Qinghai from 2004 to 2012, which is equivalent to the volume change 0.86 ± 0.37 km3yr−1and mainly caused by the fast expansion of Lake Qinghai (0.44 ± 0.04 km3yr−1from altimetry/in situmeasurements) and impoundment of Longyangxia reservoir (0.28 ± 0.17 km3yr−1based on the linear height–volume relationship andin situwater-level observations). The residual signal (GRACE−GLDAS/Noah−reservoir−Lake Qinghai) likely reflects the mass leakage from the surrounding lakes in the regions (i.e. Har, Gyaring and Ngoring) and groundwater contributions (i.e. groundwater is not included in GLDAS/Noah) due to the limited spatial resolution of GRACE. The results suggest that the combined use of LSM and GRACE measurements is a useful method for monitoring changes in the mass of large lakes. Additionally, our analysis shows that it is necessary to improve LSM results within situforcing parameters and groundwater level data, which will reduce the uncertainty in the application of GRACE data. There is still a need to use complementary models orin situobservations to eliminate the influence of glacial isostatic adjustments and tectonic processes.