Behavioral reduction of infection risk
Behavioral reduction of infection risk
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DOI：
10.1073/pnas.96.16.9165
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发表时间：
1999-08-03
影响因子：
11.1
通讯作者：
Preisser, E
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kiesecker, JM;Skelly, DK;Preisser, E
进化生物学家长期以来一直认为，能够识别和避免感染接触传播疾病的同种动物应该具有适应性优势。这种回避假说与许多流行病学理论直接冲突，流行病学理论是建立在这样的假设上的，即感染的可能性在种群成员之间是相等的，并且在空间上是恒定的。流行病学理论和回避假说之间的不一致性受到的关注相对较少，因为到目前为止，没有证据表明动物能够识别并减少来自同种动物的感染风险。我们研究了腐殖质假丝酵母（Candida humicola）的影响，这是一种降低蝌蚪生长速度并可导致蝌蚪死亡的病原体，对感染和未感染个体之间的关联进行了研究。在这里，我们证明牛蛙（Rana catesbeiana）蝌蚪避免感染同种，因为接近影响感染。这种回避行为是由受感染个体的化学信号刺激的，因此不需要个体之间的直接接触。这种疾病感染风险图的同时性调节对疾病生物体的种群动态及其对宿主种群的影响具有重要影响。
Evolutionary biologists have long postulated that there should he fitness advantages to animals that are able to recognize and avoid conspecifics infected with contact-transmitted disease. This avoidance hypothesis is in direct conflict with much of epidemiological theory, which is founded on the assumptions that the likelihood of infection is equal among members of a population and constant over space, The inconsistency between epidemiological theory and the avoidance hypothesis has received relatively little attention because, to date, there has been no evidence that animals can recognize and reduce infection risk from conspecifics. We investigated the effects of Candida humicola, a pathogen that reduces growth rates and can cause death of tadpoles, on associations between infected and uninfected individuals. Here we demonstrate that bullfrog (Rana catesbeiana) tadpoles avoid infected conspecifics because proximity influences infection. This avoidance behavior is stimulated by chemical cues from infected individuals and thus does not require direct contact between individuals, Such facultative modulations of disease infection risk map have critical consequences for the population dynamics of disease organisms and their impact on host populations.