Towards a unifying pan-arctic perspective: A conceptual modelling toolkit
Towards a unifying pan-arctic perspective: A conceptual modelling toolkit
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.pocean.2020.102455
复制
发表时间：
2020-10
影响因子：
4.1
通讯作者：
P. Wassmann;E. Carmack;B. Bluhm;C. M. Duarte;J. Berge;K. Brown;J. Grebmeier;J. Holding;K. Kosobokova;R. Kwok;P. Matrai;S. Agustí;M. Babin;U. Bhatt;H. Eicken;I. Polyakov;S. Rysgaard;H. Huntington
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
P. Wassmann;E. Carmack;B. Bluhm;C. M. Duarte;J. Berge;K. Brown;J. Grebmeier;J. Holding;K. Kosobokova;R. Kwok;P. Matrai;S. Agustí;M. Babin;U. Bhatt;H. Eicken;I. Polyakov;S. Rysgaard;H. Huntington
北冰洋受到其横向边界的极大影响，并与全球系统相互作用。为了发展北冰洋生态系统的嵌套概念模型，我们在这里选择整个泛北极作为我们的焦点尺度。然而，要理解泛北极的规模，我们就需要通过考虑区域性、连通性和季节性来审视其主要组成部分的基本规模。根据水文形态特征划分了6个区域，反映了生态功能和特征。区域是静态的，与地理位置相关，但由具有共同功能的连续领域联系在一起，这些领域促进了物质运输并共享关键的生态特征。泛北极尺度还需要注意季节性光照强度的强迫，其中单日的最大长度从北极圈的近24小时到北极的约4400小时（183天）不等。光照的气候迫使北极出现强烈的物候，这反映在生物体的周期性生命周期事件中。除了光照气候外，北冰洋生态系统还受三个基本变量的支配：冰盖、营养/食物供应和平流。这些变量中的每一个在一年中发挥作用的条件是由它们在其中发挥作用和相互作用的区域和毗连领域决定的。定义的区域及其季节性，连续域及其连通性，以及三个基本变量允许明确应用规模嵌套，简约和自适应的概念模型，从这些模型中1）创建可测试的假设，2）计划然后修改现场活动，3）将基本结果传达给管理人员和公众。这些嵌套的概念性泛北极尺度模型的开发为未来统一、综合的海洋学和生态学工作迈出了重要的一步。
The Arctic Ocean is overwhelmingly forced by its lateral boundaries, and interacts with, the global system. For the development of nested conceptual models of the Arctic Ocean ecosystem we here choose the full pan-Arctic as our focal scale. Understanding the pan-Arctic scale, however, requires that we look at the underlying scales of its major components, by considering regionality, connectivity and seasonality. Six regions are identified on the basis of hydro-morphological characteristics, which subsequently reflect ecological function and traits. Regions are static, tied to geography, but are linked by contiguous domains of shared function that facilitate material transports and share key ecological features. The pan-Arctic scale also requires attention to forcing by the seasonal light intensity, wherein the maximum length of a single day varies from near 24 h at the Arctic Circle to about 4400 h (183 days) at the North Pole. The light climate forces a strong phenology in the Arctic, as reflected in the periodic life cycle events of organisms. In addition to light climate, Arctic Ocean ecosystems are dominated by three fundamental variables: ice cover, nutrient/food availability and advection. The conditions under which each of these variables play out in the course of a year are set by the regions and contiguous domains within which they operate and interact. Together, the defined regions and their seasonality, the contiguous domains and their connectivity, and the three fundamental variables allow unambiguous application of scale-nested, parsimonious and adaptive, conceptual models, from which to 1) create testable hypotheses, 2) plan and then modify field campaigns, and 3) communicate essential results to managers and the general public. The development of these nested conceptual pan-Arctic scale models creates a vital step into the future of unifying, integrative oceanographic and ecological work.