Histological and immunohistological investigation of lymphoid tissue in the platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus)
Histological and immunohistological investigation of lymphoid tissue in the platypus (Ornithorhynchus anatinus)
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DOI：
10.1046/j.1469-7580.1999.19520161.x
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发表时间：
1999-08-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Whittington, RJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Connolly, JH;Canfield, PJ;Whittington, RJ
本文描述了15只鸭嘴兽淋巴组织的大体和组织学外观以及T、B淋巴细胞和浆细胞的分布。脾脏为双叶，由胶原蛋白、弹性纤维和少量平滑肌组成的厚囊包围。白色髓突出，包括生发中心和动脉周围淋巴鞘。红髓含有造血组织。一个薄的分叶状胸腺位于覆盖心脏的纵隔内。小叶皮质由密集的中小型淋巴细胞、散在的巨噬细胞和少量的网状上皮细胞组成。在髓质中，Hassall小体数量众多，淋巴细胞较小且数量较少，网状细胞比皮质中的细胞多。在颈部、咽部、胸部、肠系膜和盆腔部位的疏松结缔组织中散布的类结节，测量值为790 +/- 370 μ m（平均值+/- S.D.，n = 39），其中较大者肉眼可见。这些由单个初级或次级卵泡组成，由网状纤维框架支撑。在养老中心，巨噬细胞很常见。鸭嘴兽有一个完整的肠道相关淋巴组织。肉眼未观察到扁桃体，但在组织学上由粘膜下滤泡和上皮内淋巴细胞组成。肉眼未观察到派尔集合淋巴结，但在组织学上，派尔集合淋巴结由肠反肠系膜壁中的几个突出的粘膜下次级滤泡组成。盲肠淋巴组织由粘膜下层的大量次级滤泡和固有层中密集的淋巴细胞组成。肉眼未观察到支气管相关淋巴组织，但在组织学评估的11只鸭嘴兽肺中的7只中发现了支气管相关淋巴组织。类淋巴细胞以与支气管相关的初级滤泡、血管附近的聚集体和上皮内淋巴细胞的形式存在。鸭嘴兽淋巴组织中T淋巴细胞（用抗人CD 3和CD 5鉴定）和B淋巴细胞及浆细胞（用抗人CD 79 a和CD 79 B b及抗鸭嘴兽免疫球蛋白鉴定）的分布与哺乳动物中描述的相似，只是B淋巴细胞明显相对缺乏。这项研究证实鸭嘴兽有一个发达的淋巴系统，在组织结构上与兽目哺乳动物相当。它还证实了其外周淋巴组织，即淋巴小结的独特性。鸭嘴兽的淋巴组织具有所有必需的细胞类型，即T和B淋巴细胞和浆细胞，以产生针对外来抗原的有效免疫应答。
The gross and histological appearance and the distribution of T and B lymphocytes and plasma cells are described for lymphoid tissues obtained from 15 platypuses. The spleen was bilobed and surrounded by a thick capsule of collagen, elastic fibres and little smooth muscle. White pulp was prominent and included germinal centres and periarterial lymphoid sheaths. Red pulp contained haematopoietic tissue. A thin lobulated thymus was located within the mediastinum overlying the heart. The cortex of lobules consisted of dense aggregates of small and medium lymphocytes, scattered macrophages and few reticular epithelial cells. In the medulla, Hassall's corpuscles were numerous, lymphocytes were small and less abundant, and reticular cells were more abundant than in the cortex. Lymphoid nodules scattered throughout loose connective tissue in cervical, pharyngeal, thoracic, mesenteric and pelvic sites measured 790 +/- 370 mu m (mean +/- S.D., n = 39) in diameter, the larger of which could be observed macroscopically. These consisted of single primary or secondary follicles supported by a framework of reticular fibres. Macrophages were common in the germinal centres. The platypus had a full range of gut-associated lymphoid tissue. No tonsils were observed macroscopically but histologically they consisted of submucosal follicles and intraepithelial lymphocytes. Peyer's patches were not observed macroscopically but histologically they consisted of several prominent submucosal secondary follicles in the antimesenteric wall of the intestine. Caecal lymphoid tissue consisted of numerous secondary follicles in the submucosa and densely packed lymphocytes in the lamina propria. Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue was not observed macroscopically but was identified in 7 of 11 platypus lungs assessed histologically. Lymphoid cells were present as primary follicles associated with bronchi, as aggregates adjacent to blood vessels and as intraepithelial lymphocytes. The distribution of T lymphocytes, identified with antihuman CD3 and CD5, and B lymphocytes and plasma cells, identified with antihuman CD79a and CD79b and antiplatypus immunoglobulin, within lymphoid tissues in the platypus was similar to that described in therian mammals except for an apparent relative paucity of B lymphocytes. This study establishes that the platypus has a well-developed lymphoid system which is comparable in histological structure to that in therian mammals. It also confirms the distinctiveness of its peripheral lymphoid tissue, namely lymphoid nodules. Platypus lymphoid tissue has all the essential cell types, namely T and B lymphocytes and plasma cells, to mount an effective immune response against foreign antigens.