Atmospheric Mg2+ wet deposition within the continental United States and implications for soil inorganic carbon sequestration
Atmospheric Mg2+ wet deposition within the continental United States and implications for soil inorganic carbon sequestration
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美国大陆大气 Mg2 湿沉降及其对土壤无机碳固存的影响
DOI：
10.1111/j.1600-0889.2006.00228.x
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发表时间：
2007
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
A. Cox
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
R. Keeling;A. Manning;W. Paplawsky;A. Cox
关于大气镁离子（Mg2+）湿沉降与土壤无机碳固存的关系知之甚少。了解二氧化碳 (CO2) 或有机碳转化为在土壤中停留时间较长的形式（例如白云石、镁方解石）将极大有利于全球范围内的农业、工业和社会。这项初步研究的目的是分析美国大陆的大气 Mg2+ 湿沉降，并根据年平均大气 Mg2+ 湿沉降对十二个主要土壤进行排序。每个土壤类别的年平均 Mg2+ 湿沉降总量是通过地理信息系统 (GIS) 使用以下数据层进行估算的：(1) 覆盖美国大陆 10 年期间 (1994-2003) 的大气 Mg2+ 湿沉降数据层和 (2) 来自国家土壤数据库的土壤类别数据层。 1994-2003年平均年Mg2+湿沉降图显示，由于海盐大气沉降镁富集，最高沉降量（0.75-1.41 kg ha-1）出现在俄勒冈州、华盛顿州、加利福尼亚州部分地区以及东海岸各州的沿海地区。美国中西部地区每年接收约0.25-0.75 kg ha-1 Mg2+湿沉降，这与黄土土壤、沙尘暴的发生以及可能的施肥有关。 1994年至2003年平均年大气Mg2+湿沉降最高的土壤顺序为：（1）软土（3.7×107 kg），（2）Alfisols（3.6×107 kg）和（3）Ultisols（2.8×107 kg）。就潜在的土壤固碳而言，年平均大气Mg2+湿沉降相当于以下理论量白云石的形成：（1）软土（2.8×108 kg CaMg(CO3)2），（2）Alfisols（2.7×108 kg CaMg（CO3）2）和（3）Ultisols（2.1×108 kg CaMg（CO3）2）。年平均大气 Mg2+ 湿沉降量最低的土壤顺序为：（1）安土土（3.3 × 106 kg），（2）组织土（3.4 × 106 kg）和（3）变性土（5.0 × 106 kg）。这里提出的根据大气湿沉降数据估算土壤无机碳封存潜力的方法可用于全球范围内的初步碳核算。
Little is known about atmospheric magnesium ion (Mg2+) wet deposition in relation to soil inorganic carbon sequestration. Understanding the conversion of carbon dioxide (CO2) or organic carbon to a form having a long residence time within the soil (e.g., dolomite, magnesian calcite) will greatly benefit agriculture, industry, and society on a global scale. This preliminary study was conducted to analyze atmospheric Mg2+ wet deposition within the continental United States (U.S.) and to rank the twelve major soil orders in terms of average annual atmospheric Mg2+ wet deposition. The total average annual Mg2+ wet deposition for each soil order was estimated with geographic information systems (GIS) using the following data layers: (1) atmospheric Mg2+ wet deposition data layers covering the continental U.S. for a 10-yr period (1994–2003) and (2) a soil order data layer derived from a national soils database. A map of average annual Mg2+ wet deposition for 1994–2003 reveals that the highest deposition (0.75–1.41 kg ha-1) occurred in Oregon, Washington, parts of California, and the coastal areas of East Coast states due to magnesium enrichment of atmospheric deposition from sea salt. The Midwestern region of the U.S. received about 0.25–0.75 kg ha-1 Mg2+ wet deposition annually, which was associated with loess derived soils, occurrence of dust storms and possibly fertilization. The soil orders receiving the highest average annual atmospheric Mg2+ wet deposition from 1994 to 2003 were: (1) Mollisols (3.7×107 kg), (2) Alfisols (3.6×107 kg) and (3) Ultisols (2.8×107 kg). In terms of potential soil carbon sequestration, the average annual atmospheric Mg2+ wet deposition was equivalent to formation of the following theoretical amounts of dolomite: (1) Mollisols (2.8 × 108 kg of CaMg(CO3)2), (2) Alfisols (2.7 × 108 kg of CaMg(CO3)2) and (3) Ultisols (2.1 × 108 kg of CaMg(CO3)2). The soil orders receiving the lowest average annual atmospheric Mg2+ wet deposition were: (1) Andisols (3.3 × 106 kg), (2) Histosols (3.4 × 106 kg) and (3) Vertisols (5.0 × 106 kg). The methods proposed here to estimate soil inorganic carbon sequestration potential from atmospheric wet deposition data can be useful for preliminary carbon accounting on a global scale.