COMMON MATERIALS FOR EMERGENCY RESPIRATORY PROTECTION - LEAKAGE TESTS WITH A MANIKIN
COMMON MATERIALS FOR EMERGENCY RESPIRATORY PROTECTION - LEAKAGE TESTS WITH A MANIKIN
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DOI：
10.1202/0002-8894(1983)044
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发表时间：
1983-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
YEE, HS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
COOPER, DW;HINDS, WC;YEE, HS
在不经常使用加湿器的区域，可能会发生紧急情况（如火灾），需要采取防护措施防止空气中的颗粒物。在连接到呼吸模拟器的人体模型上测试以下容易获得的材料，以确定约的分数。2 μ m直径的气溶胶，其将在材料和人体模型面部之间的密封周围泄漏：棉/聚酯衬衫材料、棉手帕材料、毛巾（一块抹布）、外科口罩（约翰逊和约翰逊公司，型号HRI 8137）和NIOSH [美国国家职业安全与健康研究所]批准的一次性面罩（3 M公司，型号8710）。进行泄漏测试是为了补充先前报告的材料渗透测量。通过比较固定在面上的材料与完全贴在面上的材料的相同气溶胶的渗透率来确定泄漏分数。在37 l/min的呼吸速率下，材料的平均泄漏范围为0.0-63%，具体取决于材料。不包括泄漏的平均渗透率范围为0.6- 39%。使用尼龙袜子材料（裤袜）将手帕材料或一次性面罩固定在脸上，可有效防止泄漏。这样的组合可以预期将手帕周围的泄漏减少到约0.5。≥10%，在实践中，和周围的面具<1%，这表明适应和使用这种方法的工业卫生。
In areas where respirators are not routinely used, emergencies (such as fires) may occur in which protection from airborne particles is necessary. The following readily available materials were tested on a manikin connected to a breathing simulator to determine the fraction of an .apprx. 2 .mu.m diameter aerosol that would leak around the seal between the materials and the manikin''s face: cotton/polyester shirt material, cotton handkerchief material, toweling (a wash cloth), a surgical mask (Johnson and Johnson Company, Model HRI 8137) and a NIOSH [USA National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health]-approved disposable face mask (3M Corporation, Model 8710). The leakage tests were done to supplement the measurements of penetration through the materials reported previously. Leakage fractions were determined by comparing the penetration of the same aerosol for the materials held to the face vs. being fully taped to the face. At a breathing rate of 37 l/min, mean leakages for the materials ranged from 0.0-63% depending on the material. Mean penetrations exclusive of leakage ranged from 0.6-39%. Use of nylon hosiery material (panty hose) to hold the handkerchief material or the disposable face mask to the face was effective in preventing leakage. Such a combination could be expected to reduce leakage around the handkerchief to .apprx. .gtoreq. 10% in practice, and around the mask to < 1%, which suggested the adaptation and use of such an approach for industrial hygiene.