The incidence of diagnostic error in medicine.

The incidence of diagnostic error in medicine.
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医学诊断错误的发生率。

DOI:
10.1136/bmjqs-2012-001615
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发表时间:
2013-10
影响因子:
5.4
通讯作者:
Graber ML
Graber ML
中科院分区:
医学1区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Graber ML

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各种各样的研究表明,诊断过程中的故障会导致惊人的伤害和患者死亡。这些包括尸检研究、病例审查、患者和医生调查、自愿报告系统、使用标准化患者、第二次审查、诊断测试审计和结案索赔审查。尽管这些不同的方法提供了关于诊断错误的重要信息和独特见解,但每种方法都有局限性,并且没有一种方法非常适合于确定实际实践中诊断错误的发生率或错误和伤害的总发生率。我们认为,能够测量诊断错误的发生率是必不可少的,使研究诊断错误的研究,并启动质量改进项目,旨在减少错误和伤害的风险。在这方面,三种方法似乎最有前途:(1)使用“触发工具”从电子健康记录中识别诊断错误风险高的病例;(2)使用标准化患者(秘密购物者)来研究实践中的错误率;(3)鼓励患者和医生自愿报告他们遇到的错误,并促进这一过程。
A wide variety of research studies suggest that breakdowns in the diagnostic process result in a staggering toll of harm and patient deaths. These include autopsy studies, case reviews, surveys of patient and physicians, voluntary reporting systems, using standardised patients, second reviews, diagnostic testing audits and closed claims reviews. Although these different approaches provide important information and unique insights regarding diagnostic errors, each has limitations and none is well suited to establishing the incidence of diagnostic error in actual practice, or the aggregate rate of error and harm. We argue that being able to measure the incidence of diagnostic error is essential to enable research studies on diagnostic error, and to initiate quality improvement projects aimed at reducing the risk of error and harm. Three approaches appear most promising in this regard: (1) using ‘trigger tools’ to identify from electronic health records cases at high risk for diagnostic error; (2) using standardised patients (secret shoppers) to study the rate of error in practice; (3) encouraging both patients and physicians to voluntarily report errors they encounter, and facilitating this process.
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发表时间: 1991-05-01
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