Gender Equality and Inclusive Growth in Developing Asia
Gender Equality and Inclusive Growth in Developing Asia
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亚洲发展中国家的性别平等和包容性增长
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发表时间：
2009
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通讯作者：
Yoko Niimi
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文献类型：
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作者：
Yoko Niimi
本文通过考察千年发展目标3+方法下提出的一系列指标，重点关注教育和健康成果（能力）以及劳动力市场和政治参与（获得资源和机会）方面的性别不平等，回顾了亚洲发展中国家在性别平等方面的最新进展。尽管在教育方面有所改善，在较小程度上在保健方面也有所改善，但该文件发现，妇女能力的提高似乎并没有转化为男女平等参与经济和政治活动。此外，报告发现，在所审查的几乎所有方面，性别差距仍然很大，特别是在南亚，但有一些例外。对经验文献的调查表明，两性不平等的普遍存在和持续存在往往是由相互关联的文化、社会和经济因素造成和加剧的。经验证据还表明，当一个国家的经济机会更有限或家庭经济困难更严重时，两性不平等就更严重。最后，本文认为，沿着的努力，在消除文化，社会和体制障碍，通过教育公众和引入/执行反歧视立法，促进经济发展，创造经济机会，提高妇女的能力和获得的机会是一个政策包的关键成分，更大的进步，实现性别平等和包容性增长在发展中亚洲。
This paper reviews the recent progress toward gender equality in developing Asia by examining a number of indicators proposed under the Millennium Development Goal 3 plus approach, focusing on gender inequalities in education and health outcomes (capability) and in labor market and political participation (access to resources and opportunities). Despite the improvement observed in education and, to a lesser extent, in health, the paper finds that women’s improved capabilities do not seem to have been translated into an equal participation between men and women in economic and political activities. Further, it finds that gender gaps in almost all aspects reviewed remain significant, particularly in South Asia with some exceptions. A survey of empirical literature suggests that prevalence and persistence of gender inequality are often caused and reinforced by interlinked cultural, social, and economic factors. Empirical evidence also suggests that gender inequality is greater when a country’s economic opportunities are more limited or households are in greater economic hardship. In conclusion, the paper argues that along with efforts in removing cultural, social, and institutional obstacles by educating the public and introducing/enforcing antidiscrimination legislations, promoting economic development to generate economic opportunities and improving women’s capabilities and access to the opportunities are the key ingredients of a policy package for greater progress toward gender equality and inclusive growth in developing Asia.