Liver regeneration and fibrosis after inflammation.
Liver regeneration and fibrosis after inflammation.
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DOI：
10.1186/s41232-016-0025-2
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发表时间：
2016
影响因子：
8.1
通讯作者：
Miyajima A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Tanaka M;Miyajima A
肝脏是一个独特的器官，在各种损伤后具有非凡的再生能力。在急性和短暂的肝损伤中，如化学肝毒素，啮齿类动物的肝脏在一周内通过剩余细胞的增殖和重塑而恢复到原始结构。相反，由于各种原因引起的慢性肝脏炎症，如病毒感染、代谢和免疫紊乱，会导致肝纤维化，通常会导致肝硬化和癌变。在急性和慢性炎症中，肝脏中的各种免疫和非免疫细胞参与了导致再生或纤维化的过程。此外，慢性肝炎通常伴随着非典型胆管细胞的增殖，也被称为肝祖细胞或卵圆细胞。尽管肝祖细胞的起源及其在肝脏修复中的作用仍然存在激烈的争论，但最近的研究揭示了免疫细胞在祖细胞增殖和分化中的调节作用。在这篇综述中，我们从炎症的角度对肝再生和纤维化的最新研究进行综述。
The liver is a unique organ with an extraordinary capacity to regenerate upon various injuries. In acute and transient liver injury by insults such as chemical hepatotoxins, the liver in rodents returns to the original architecture by proliferation and remodeling of the remaining cells within a week. In contrast, chronic liver inflammation due to various etiologies, e.g., virus infection and metabolic and immune disorders, results in liver fibrosis, often leading to cirrhosis and carcinogenesis. In both acute and chronic inflammation, a variety of immune and non-immune cells in the liver is involved in the processes resulting in either regeneration or fibrosis. In addition, chronic hepatitis often accompanies proliferation of atypical biliary cells, also known as liver progenitor cells or oval cells. Although the origin of liver progenitor cells and its contribution to hepatic repair is still under intense debate, recent studies have revealed a regulatory role for immune cells in progenitor proliferation and differentiation. In this review, we summarize recent studies on liver regeneration and fibrosis in the viewpoint of inflammation.
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