Meta-analysis of randomised trials of monetary incentives and response to mailed questionnaires
Meta-analysis of randomised trials of monetary incentives and response to mailed questionnaires
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DOI：
10.1136/jech.2005.034397
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发表时间：
2005-11-01
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
Frost, C
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Edwards, P;Cooper, R;Frost, C
研究目的：为了量化的增加，邮寄问卷的答复归因于一个货币incentivers.Design：随机对照试验的货币激励和邮寄问卷的答复进行了系统的搜索。对于确定的每项试验，使用逻辑回归估计每增加0.01美元奖励的反应比值比。优势比汇总在一系列随机效应荟萃分析中，按照提供的最低和最高金额分层。分段逻辑回归被用来估计的比值比响应每$0.01增加在每个五个激励range.Setting：人口在几个发达国家，主要是美国。参与者：85 671随机参与者从88 trials.Main结果：汇集的比值比响应每$0.01激励单调下降的最大金额的奖励提供增加。分段逻辑回归模型估计，对于高达0.50美元的激励金额，每增加0.01美元，反应的几率增加约1%（合并OR = 1.012，95% CI 1.007至1.016）。在$0.50以上，对回复的影响较小，并且在$0.50 - 0.99、$1 - 1.99、$2 - 4.99、$5.00及以上的范围内单调下降，但在$5以下仍具有统计学显著性。结论：对现有最佳证据的荟萃分析表明，金钱激励增加了邮寄问卷的回复。研究人员应该在邮寄的调查问卷中附上少量的钱，而不是完全不给予奖励。
Study objective: To quantify the increase in mailed questionnaire response attributable to a monetary incentive.Design: A systematic search for randomised controlled trials of monetary incentives and mailed questionnaire response was conducted. For each trial identified, logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio for response per $0.01 incentive increase. Odds ratios were pooled in a series of random effect meta-analyses stratified by the minimum and maximum amounts offered. Piecewise logistic regression was used to estimate the odds ratio for response per $0.01 increase given in each of five incentive ranges.Setting: Populations in several developed countries, predominantly the USA.Participants: 85 671 randomised participants from 88 trials.Main results: The pooled odds ratios for response per $0.01 incentive decreased monotonically as the maximum amount of incentive offered increased. The piecewise logistic regression model estimated that for incentive amounts up to $0.50, each additional $0.01 increased the odds of response by about 1% ( pooled OR = 1.012, 95% CI 1.007 to 1.016). The effects on response above $0.50 were smaller and decreased monotonically in the ranges: $0.50 - 0.99, $ 1 - 1.99, $ 2 - 4.99, $ 5.00 and over, but remained statistically significant up to $5.Conclusions: This meta-analysis of the best available evidence shows that monetary incentives increase mailed questionnaire response. Researchers should include small amounts of money with mailed questionnaires rather than give no incentive at all.