The irrelevant sound effect in short-term memory: Is there developmental change?
The irrelevant sound effect in short-term memory: Is there developmental change?
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DOI：
10.1080/09541440903378250
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发表时间：
2010-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Hellbrueck, Juergen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Klatte, Maria;Lachmann, Thomas;Hellbrueck, Juergen
通过两个实验，考察了无关言语和教室噪音对儿童和成人图画呈现的普通名词序列回忆的影响。实验1使用固定的列表长度为儿童（一年级）和成人。实验2使用的列表长度调整到参与者（二，三年级，成人）的个人跨度。在这两个实验中，儿童和成年人同样受到不相关言论的损害。这与Elliott（2002）的一项相关研究（方法的差异）形成对比，该研究报告了随着年龄的减少，无关言论的有害影响严重增加。在这两个实验中，教室噪音对整体分析没有影响。然而，对于实验1，单独的组分析显示，在儿童的损害。结果表明，不相关的声音对连续回忆的影响来自两个独立的机制：由于声音自动进入短期记忆和/或注意力捕获而产生的特定干扰。只有后者才有发展变化。
With two experiments, effects of irrelevant speech and classroom noise on serial recall of common nouns presented pictorially were investigated in children and adults. Experiment 1 used fixed list lengths for children (first graders) and adults. Experiment 2 used list lengths adjusted to participants' (second-third graders, adults) individual spans. In both experiments, children and adults were equally impaired by irrelevant speech. This contrasts with a related study (differences in methodology) by Elliott (2002), who reported severe increase in the detrimental impact of irrelevant speech with decreasing age. In both experiments, classroom noise had no effect in overall analyses. For Experiment 1, however, separate group analyses revealed impairment in children. Results suggest that effects of irrelevant sounds on serial recall stem from two separate mechanisms: Specific interference due to the sounds' automatic access to short-term memory, and/or attention capture. Only for the latter there is developmental change.