Electric Organs and Their Control
Electric Organs and Their Control
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电子琴及其控制
DOI：
10.1007/0-387-28275-0_14
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发表时间：
2005
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
O. Macadar
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
A. Caputi;B. Carlson;O. Macadar
2000多年前人们就知道，有些鱼在处理时会引起疼痛和麻木的感觉。在17世纪后期，人们发现这种感觉是由鱼产生的强电流引起的（Kellaway 1946）。在《论物种起源的自然选择》（1859）一书中，达尔文特别关注他的理论的困难，用了整整一章来讨论这个问题。电发生的演变就是这样一个令人关切的领域。他注意到不同的电器官（EOs）在结构、神经支配和电力方面的差异，以及缺乏地质学证据证明不同的EOs类群之间可能有共同的祖先。他的结论是，与其是同源结构，不同鱼类的EO应该被认为是独立进化的类似结构。他还提出了关于弱EO的潜在功能的问题。尽管弱电鱼的电发射尚未被发现，但达尔文认为，功能性的弱EO是强EO进化的必要步骤。大约一个世纪后，对一种能产生弱电场的鱼的严格研究为这些问题提供了答案（Lissman 1951）。行为实验清楚地表明，弱EO功能的环境（主动电定位）和通信（Lissman 1958; Lissman和Machin 1958）的电感成像。自从这些最初的发现以来，已经有大量的关于主动电感觉和电刺激系统的生物学研究。
It has been known for more than 2000 years that some fish can induce painful, numbing sensations when handled. In the late 1600s, it was discovered that this sensation resulted from the production of strong electrical currents produced by the fish (Kellaway 1946). In On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection (1859), Darwin paid special attention to difficulties with his theory, devoting an entire chapter to the subject. The evolution of electrogenesis was one such area of concern. He noted the difference in structure, innervation, and electrical power of different electric organs (EOs), and the absence of geological evidence for a possible common ancestor between the different taxa exhibiting EOs. He concluded that rather than being homologous structures, the EOs of different fishes should be considered analogous structures that evolved independently. He also raised questions about potential functions for weak EOs. Although electric emissions from weakly electric fish had not yet been discovered, Darwin believed that a functional, weak EO was a necessary step in the evolution of strong EOs. About a century later, the rigorous study of a fish that was found to produce weak electric fields provided answers to such questions (Lissman 1951). Behavioral experiments clearly demonstrated that weak EOs function in electrosensory imaging of the environment (active electrolocation) and communication (Lissman 1958; Lissman and Machin 1958). Since these initial discoveries, there has been a wealth of research into the biology of active electrosensory and electromotor systems.
电气通信的设计特点。
DOI：
10.1242/jeb.202.10.1217
发表时间：
1999
期刊：
The Journal of experimental biology
影响因子：
--
作者：
Hopkins,CD
通讯作者：
Hopkins,CD