"Every Gene Is Everywhere but the Environment Selects": Global Geolocalization of Gene Sharing in Environmental Samples through Network Analysis.
"Every Gene Is Everywhere but the Environment Selects": Global Geolocalization of Gene Sharing in Environmental Samples through Network Analysis.
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DOI：
10.1093/gbe/evw077
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发表时间：
2016-05-13
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
McInerney JO
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fondi M;Karkman A;Tamminen MV;Bosi E;Virta M;Fani R;Alm E;McInerney JO
巴斯·贝金（Baas Becking）的著名假说将地球上微生物的空间分布表述为“万物皆有，但环境有所选择”。虽然这一假说并没有严格排除地理对生态学的影响和历史创始人效应所造成的模式，但它确实提出，微生物显着的传播潜力导致了通常由环境因素而不是地理距离形成的分布。通过构建未培养的环境样品的序列相似性网络，我们表明，微生物基因库分布的影响几乎没有尽可能多的地理生态，从而扩展了Bass Becking假说从整个生物体的微生物基因。我们发现，基因库是由其广泛的生态位（如海水，淡水，主机，和空气）。我们发现，淡水栖息地作为一个基因交换的桥梁，否则断开栖息地。最后，某些抗生素抗性基因通过表现出高度的跨生境移动性而偏离了生境特异性的总趋势。抗生素抗性基因的强跨生境流动性是一个令人关切的问题，并提供了一个典型的例子，说明当新的选择力出现时，基因在新的生境中定居的速度。
The spatial distribution of microbes on our planet is famously formulated in the Baas Becking hypothesis as “everything is everywhere but the environment selects.” While this hypothesis does not strictly rule out patterns caused by geographical effects on ecology and historical founder effects, it does propose that the remarkable dispersal potential of microbes leads to distributions generally shaped by environmental factors rather than geographical distance. By constructing sequence similarity networks from uncultured environmental samples, we show that microbial gene pool distributions are not influenced nearly as much by geography as ecology, thus extending the Bass Becking hypothesis from whole organisms to microbial genes. We find that gene pools are shaped by their broad ecological niche (such as sea water, fresh water, host, and airborne). We find that freshwater habitats act as a gene exchange bridge between otherwise disconnected habitats. Finally, certain antibiotic resistance genes deviate from the general trend of habitat specificity by exhibiting a high degree of cross-habitat mobility. The strong cross-habitat mobility of antibiotic resistance genes is a cause for concern and provides a paradigmatic example of the rate by which genes colonize new habitats when new selective forces emerge.