Extent and Volume of Lava Flows Erupted at 9°50′N, East Pacific Rise in 2005–2006 From Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Surveys

Extent and Volume of Lava Flows Erupted at 9°50′N, East Pacific Rise in 2005–2006 From Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Surveys
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根据自主水下航行器调查,2005 年至 2006 年北纬 9°50°2 处喷发的熔岩流的范围和体积以及东太平洋上升

DOI:
10.1029/2021gc010213
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发表时间:
2022
期刊:
Geosystems
影响因子:
--
通讯作者:
McDermott, Jill M.
McDermott, Jill M.
中科院分区:
--
文献类型:
--
作者:
Wu, Jyun‐Nai;Parnell‐Turner, Ross;Fornari, Daniel J.;Kurras, Gregory;Berrios‐Rivera, Natalia;Barreyre, Thibaut;McDermott, Jill M.

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海底火山喷发很难直接观察到,因为喷发周期很长,而且大洋中脊位置偏远。2005-2006年在东太平洋隆起9°50‘N的火山喷发已经有了很好的记录,但由于有限的近底测深数据,熔岩的数量和流动程度仍然不确定。我们给出了2018年、2019年和2021年在9°50‘N的19次自主水下机器人(AUV)进驻潜水过程中收集的近底数据。由此产生的1米分辨率的测深网格和20厘米分辨率的侧扫声纳图像覆盖115平方公里,跨越2005-2006年喷发的整个地区,包括2001年与AUVABE收集的8平方公里的喷发前调查。喷发前和喷发后的调查,结合侧扫声纳图像和喷发期间记录的地震-声学脉冲事件,用于量化熔岩流动的范围,并估计熔岩侵位造成的海底深度变化。在2005年至2006年的喷发期间,熔岩向上流动到距离轴峰海槽3公里的∼,覆盖了∼20.8亿平方公里的面积;∼比之前认为的大50%。在喷发前和喷发后调查重叠的地方,可以分辨出单独的流动叶,证实熔岩厚度从∼1到10米不等,并随着距离喷发裂缝的距离而增加。由此产生的熔岩体积估计表明,从轴向熔体透镜中提取的熔体中,∼的57%可能以岩脉的形式留在了地下。这些观测提供了对地下岩浆系统中的补给循环的洞察,并为研究9°50‘N地区未来的喷发提供了基线。
Seafloor volcanic eruptions are difficult to directly observe due to lengthy eruption cycles and the remote location of mid‐ocean ridges. Volcanic eruptions in 2005–2006 at 9°50′N on the East Pacific Rise have been well documented, but the lava volume and flow extent remain uncertain because of the limited near‐bottom bathymetric data. We present near‐bottom data collected during 19 autonomous underwater vehicle (AUV)Sentrydives at 9°50′N in 2018, 2019, and 2021. The resulting 1 m‐resolution bathymetric grid and 20 cm‐resolution sidescan sonar images cover 115 km2, and span the entire area of the 2005–2006 eruptions, including an 8 km2pre‐eruption survey collected with AUVABEin 2001. Pre‐ and post‐eruption surveys, combined with sidescan sonar images and seismo‐acoustic impulsive events recorded during the eruptions, are used to quantify the lava flow extent and to estimate changes in seafloor depth caused by lava emplacement. During the 2005–2006 eruptions, lava flowed up to ∼3 km away from the axial summit trough, covering an area of ∼20.8 km2; ∼50% larger than previously thought. Where pre‐ and post‐eruption surveys overlap, individual flow lobes can be resolved, confirming that lava thickness varies from ∼1 to 10 m, and increases with distance from eruptive fissures. The resulting lava volume estimate indicates that ∼57% of the melt extracted from the axial melt lens probably remained in the subsurface as dikes. These observations provide insights into recharge cycles in the subsurface magma system, and are a baseline for studying future eruptions at the 9°50′N area.
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