Complex patterns of GCM1 mRNA and protein in villous and extravillous trophoblast cells of the human placenta
Complex patterns of GCM1 mRNA and protein in villous and extravillous trophoblast cells of the human placenta
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DOI：
10.1016/j.placenta.2003.12.004
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发表时间：
2004-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
Kingdom, JCP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Baczyk, D;Satkunaratnam , A;Kingdom, JCP
Gcm1基因编码一种转录因子，对小鼠合体滋养层细胞的分化和绒毛的形成都是必不可少的。它的早期表达是非常不寻常的，因为它定义了绒毛膜中滋养层细胞的子集，否则这一层包含滋养层干细胞。虽然Gcm1mRNA的表达是在绒毛膜内独立启动的，但随后的mRNA表达的维持以及蛋白质积累的开始依赖于与尿囊中胚层的接触。以前的研究表明，在胎盘中可以检测到人类GCM1的mRNA和蛋白，但它们的模式还没有被比较，也没有被精确定位。因此，我们进行了这项研究，以确定人类的mRNA和蛋白质是否受到与小鼠相同的复杂调控。原位杂交结果表明，GCM1mRNA在绒毛细胞滋养层细胞中有表达，但仅在绒毛细胞滋养层细胞中表达，而不表达在柱基底部的细胞内。有趣的是，在整个细胞滋养层柱子中都检测到了该基因。GCM1蛋白表达研究表明，该转录因子主要存在于细胞滋养层细胞亚群的细胞核中，这与其作为转录因子的作用一致。转录因子在合体滋养层细胞中呈假阳性细胞质染色，而在聚集的合体细胞核中未见表达。GCM1蛋白的核免疫反应在柱子远端的偶见核中被检测到。因此，GCM1的表达在转录和翻译水平上都受到调控。总体而言，这些研究表明，人类胎盘GCM1mRNA和蛋白表达的一般特征与小鼠是保守的。它们还强调了绒毛细胞滋养层细胞在GCM1表达方面的高度异质性，这是在使用分离的细胞滋养层细胞进行培养研究时应该考虑的一个因素。(C)2004爱思唯尔有限公司。保留所有权利。
The Gcm1 gene encodes a transcription factor that is essential for both syncytiotrophoblast differentiation and formation of chorionic villi in mice. Its early expression is very Unusual in that it defines a subset of trophoblast cells in the chorion, a layer that otherwise contains trophoblast stein cells. While Gcm1 mRNA expression initiates independently within the chorion, the subsequent maintenance of mRNA expression as well as the onset of protein accumulation is dependent on contact with allantoic mesoderm. Previous studies have shown that human GCM1 mRNA and protein are detectable in the placenta, but their patterns have not been compared nor precisely localized. We therefore, conducted the present study to determine if the human mRNA and protein are Subject to the same complexities of regulation as the mouse. In situ hybridization studies showed that the GCM1 mRNA was expressed in villous cytotrophoblast cells, but only a subset and never within cells immediately at the base of columns. Interestingly, the mRNA was detected throughout the cytotrophoblast columns. GCM1 protein expression studies demonstrated that the transcription factor was present mainIv \\1thin the nuclei of a subset of cytotrophoblast cells, consistent with its role as a transcription factor. Feint cytoplasmic staining, of the transcription factor was found in the syncytiotrophoblast but not in aggregated syncytial nuclei. Nuclear immuno-reactivity for the GCM1 protein was detected in occasional nuclei in the distal part of the column. Therefore, GCM1 expression is regulated both at the transcriptional and translational level. Overall, these studies show that the general features of GCM1 mRNA and protein expression in the human placenta are conserved with the mouse. They also highlight the fact that villous cytotrophoblast cells are extremely heterogeneous with respect to GCM1 expression, a factor that should be considered when using isolated cytotrophoblast cells for Culture studies. (C) 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.