Minimally Invasive Oncologic Surgery, Part I.
Minimally Invasive Oncologic Surgery, Part I.
复制标题
微创肿瘤手术，第一部分。
DOI：
10.1016/j.soc.2018.08.004
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发表时间：
2019
影响因子：
1.9
通讯作者：
FleshmanJr,JamesW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Conrad,Claudius;FleshmanJr,JamesW
早期尝试用身体来描述癌症的人是希波克拉底（Hippocrates，公元前460-370年）等思想家，他将肿瘤称为“karkinos”，希腊语中是螃蟹的意思，基于其切割表面充满了“像螃蟹的脚一样向四面伸展的静脉”的视觉效果。后来，罗马医生塞尔苏斯（公元前25年至公元50年）认识到癌症有复发的倾向，他说：“切除手术后，即使已经形成了疤痕，疾病还是会复发。”在癌症手术治疗的早期，像约翰·亨特、阿斯特利·库珀和约翰·沃伦这样的先驱者，在1846年之前都没有全身麻醉的情况下，他们必须快速而精确地进行侵入性手术。下一代外科医生Bilroth（德国）、Handley（英国）和Halsted（美国）开发了针对癌症的手术。他们的工作，以及多学科社区的共同努力，继续推动我们理解的边界，并将我们带到今天的一个新的十字路口。现代癌症手术具有独特和前所未有的能力，超越了切除肿瘤的技术层面，同时关注癌症的生物学及其发病率。例如，虽然霍尔斯特德的乳房根治术确实帮助了许多患有乳腺癌的患者，但后来的尝试
Early attempts to physically describe cancer came from thinkers like Hippocrates (460-370 BC), who termed tumors karkinos, Greek for crab, based on the visual effect of its cut surface filled with “veins stretched on all sides as the crab has its feet.” Later, the understanding that cancer has the tendency to recur became known to the Roman physician Celsus (25 BC to 50 AD), who stated:“After excision, even when a scar has formed, nonetheless the disease has returned.” The early days of a surgical solution to cancer saw pioneers like John Hunter, Astley Cooper, and John Warren, who had to perform invasive operations quickly yet precisely given the lack general anesthesia until 1846. The next generation of surgeons, Bilroth (Germany), Handley (England), and Halsted (United States), developed cancer-specific operations. Their work, along with the collective efforts of the multidisciplinary community, continues to push the boundaries of our understanding and brings us to a new crossroad today.Modern cancer surgery has the unique and unprecedented capacity to go beyond technical aspects of removing the tumor, focusing simultaneously on the cancer’s biology and its morbidity. For example, while Halsted’s radical mastectomy certainly helped many patients suffering from breast cancer, later attempts to