Modeling spatial patterns of saturated areas:: An evaluation of different terrain indices -: art. no. W05114
Modeling spatial patterns of saturated areas:: An evaluation of different terrain indices -: art. no. W05114
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DOI：
10.1029/2003wr002864
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发表时间：
2004-05-25
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Uhlenbrook, S
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Güntner, A;Seibert, J;Uhlenbrook, S
了解和预测流域水通量和水质的一个关键组成部分是水饱和区的空间分布。对饱和地区的空间格局、其与景观特征和过程的关系以及水文模型代表观察到的空间格局的能力，特别是在与水资源管理最相关的大尺度上的空间格局的知识有限。在这项研究中，饱和区绘制在两个中尺度（18和40平方公里），湿温带盆地。地质植物学和土壤学标准被用来实现一个一致的时间综合划定饱和区。利用现有的关于景观特征的空间数据，评价了各种地形指数预测观察到的格局的能力。描述建模和观察到的空间模式的协议的定量性能标准包括细胞的细胞和细胞邻域的方法。上坡贡献面积是解释所观察到的模式的最重要的单一因素。地形湿度指数（TOPMODEL指数）得到了改进的模式。然而，性能是显着敏感的算法用于计算上坡贡献面积和坡度。土壤或气候等其他因素对改善预测的价值较小。观测和模拟的饱和面积的最佳空间一致性约为50%的土壤-气候-地形综合指数。地质特征（基岩断裂）部分解释了残留模式。使用独立测试流域，结果表明，指数方法可以转移到具有相似地形特征的流域，以估计饱和区的一般模式。
A key component to understanding and predicting water fluxes and water quality in river basins is the spatial distribution of water-saturated areas. There is limited knowledge on spatial patterns of saturated areas, their relation to landscape characteristics and processes, and the ability of hydrological models to represent the observed spatial patterns, particularly at the large scales most relevant for water resources management. In this study, saturated areas were mapped in two mesoscale (18 and 40 km 2), humid temperate basins. Geobotanical and pedological criteria were used to achieve a consistent time-integrated delineation of saturated areas. Using commonly available spatial data on landscape characteristics, various terrain indices were evaluated for their ability to predict the observed patterns. Quantitative performance criteria describing the agreement of modeled and observed spatial patterns included cell-by-cell and cell-neighborhood approaches. Upslope contributing area was the most important single factor explaining the observed pattern. An improved pattern was obtained for the topographic wetness index (TOPMODEL index). However, the performance was markedly sensitive to the algorithms used for calculation of upslope contributing area and slope gradient. Other factors such as soil or climate were of less value for improving the predictions. The optimum spatial agreement of observed and modeled saturated areas was about 50% for a combined soil-climate-topographic index. Geological features (bedrock fractures) partly explained the residual pattern. Using an independent test catchment, it was shown that the index approach can be transferred to basins with similar physiographic characteristics for estimating the general pattern of saturated areas.