Yellow fever in the Americas: the growing concern about new epidemics.
Yellow fever in the Americas: the growing concern about new epidemics.
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DOI：
10.12688/f1000research.11280.2
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Rodriguez-Morales AJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Ortiz-Martínez Y;Patiño-Barbosa AM;Rodriguez-Morales AJ
黄热病（YF）是一种出血性病毒性疾病，病死率很高。它被认为是一种非常重要的重新出现的传染病。在巴西上次疫情爆发期间（2016-2017 年），尽管某些地区黄热病疫苗接种覆盖率很高，但还是出现了许多黄热病病例。然而，世界上许多地区和人口的疫苗接种覆盖率多年来一直很低（例如尼日利亚），这增加了这些地区发生重大流行病的风险，就像美国许多领土的情况一样。有几个因素，包括巴西广阔的边境和迁徙状况、伊蚊的广泛分布以及缺乏有效的卫生政策和监测系统，有利于这种复杂的流行病学情况的重新出现。因此，该地区迫切需要对高危人群进行大规模疫苗接种，提高公共卫生意识和做好准备。这篇评论文章描述了 YF 当前的全球流行病学状况，特别关注美洲，以及该地区的风险和脆弱性，这些风险和脆弱性可能会导致 YF 向巴西以外的其他国家大规模扩张。此外，来自美洲以外流行区（即非洲）的输入性风险目前也令人担忧。
Yellow fever (YF) is a haemorrhagic viral disease with a high case fatality rate. It is considered a reemerging infectious disease of remarkable importance. During the last outbreaks in Brazil (2016-2017), many cases of YF emerged despite high YF vaccination coverage in some areas. However, there are many areas and populations worldwide where vaccination coverage has been low for years (e.g. Nigeria), which increases the risk of major epidemics in such areas, as would be the case in many of the American territories. Several factors, including the vast border and migratory status of Brazil, the widespread distribution of Aedes mosquitoes and the lack of efficient health policies and surveillance systems, favor this complex epidemiological scenario of reemergence. Therefore, mass vaccination of the population at risk, public health awareness and preparedness are urgently needed in this region. This opinion article describes the current global epidemiological situation of YF, focusing especially on the Americas, as well the risk and vulnerabilities in the region that would be of concern for major expansion to other countries apart from Brazil. Also, imported risk from endemic area outside of Americas (i.e. Africa) are of current concern.