XIV. On the organization of the fossil plants of the coal-measures.—Part X. Including an examination of the supposed radiolarians of the carboniferous rocks
XIV. On the organization of the fossil plants of the coal-measures.—Part X. Including an examination of the supposed radiolarians of the carboniferous rocks
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DOI：
10.1098/rstl.1880.0014
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通讯作者：
W. Williamson
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作者：
W. Williamson
1865年，我的朋友、来自格拉斯哥的爱德华·文施先生在阿兰的拉甘湾发现了一些埋藏在火山灰中的薄石炭纪页岩。这些岩层的发现者已经描述过了，宾尼先生、卡拉瑟斯先生和查尔斯·莱尔爵士也提到了它们的化石成分。文施先生从一个非常有限的区域内提取了超过13个石炭纪树木的直立树干的基部，其中最重要的一个他已经好心地交给了我。1877年夏天，我们联合监督了一些采石工，他们把这些地层的大部分都挖了出来，我相信，结果是对这些地层的性质及其内容有了相当的了解。这些树当然还在原来的地方生长;它们中的大多数都是由一个薄圆柱形的外树皮组成的，纵向上有很深的裂缝，但没有真正的Sigillarian凹槽或叶子疤痕的痕迹。在大多数情况下，内部充满了火山灰，但在少数情况下，植物碎屑从外部引入;在一个标本中，嵌入植物块中，是几个非常古老的茎的剥壳的Diploxyloid维管轴。这些都被称为年轻的增长，在树皮圆柱体中兴起;但事实并非如此。每一个都不仅是去皮的，而且大到足以成为整个群体所在的大树的维管轴，并且它们与Stigmaria和其他植物的类似维管轴的碎片混合在一起。
In 1865 my friend Mr. Edward Wunsch, of Glasgow, made the discovery of some thin carboniferous shales imbedded in volcanic ash at Laggan Bay, in Arran. These beds have already been described by their discoverer, and their fossil contents referred to by Mr. Binney, Mr. Carruthers, and Sir Charles Lyell. From within a very limited area the bases of more than 13 large erect stems of carboniferous trees have been extracted by Mr. Wunsch, the most important of which he has kindly placed in my hands. In the summer of 1877 we conjointly superintended some quarrymen, who tore up large portions of these strata with the result, I believe, of obtaining a fair knowledge of the nature of these beds and their contents. The trees certainly stood where they originally grew; most of them consisted of a thin cylinder of the outer bark, which was deeply fissured longitudinally but exhibited no true Sigillarian flutings or traces of leaf-scars. The interior was in most cases filled with volcanic ash, but in a few instances by vegetable débris introduced from without; and in one specimen, imbedded in the vegetable mass, are several decorticated Diploxyloid vascular axes of very old stems. These have been referred to as young growths that sprang up within the bark-cylinder; but such is not the case. Each one is not only decorticated, but is large enough to be the vascular axis of the large tree within which the entire group occurs, and where they are mixed up with fragments of the similar vascular axes of Stigmaria and other plants.