Matriliny as daughter-biased investment
Matriliny as daughter-biased investment
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DOI：
10.1016/s1090-5138(02)00122-8
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发表时间：
2003-03-01
影响因子：
5.1
通讯作者：
Mace, R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Holden, CJ;Sear, R;Mace, R
从进化的角度来看，母系社会是一个谜，因为母系社会中的男性将财富传给了他们姐妹篇的儿子，他们与他们的关系只有自己儿子的一半。有人认为，这样的系统只会在不切实际的高水平的亲子关系不确定性下最大限度地提高适应性。在本文中，我们提出，母系可能会出现从女儿偏向投资的父母和/或祖父母。我们发现，女儿偏向的投资是适应性的，如果财富的边际效益的儿子（相比女儿）不超过儿子的后代的非亲子关系的风险。我们认为，这种情况将是罕见的资源持有一夫多妻制是普遍的，但否则可能是普遍的，即使是中等水平的亲子关系的不确定性。偏向女儿的投资模型解释了母系血统的两个众所周知的特征：（a）母系血统与高度父权不确定性的关联，以及（B）母系血统的生态相关性，包括其与园艺的关联、其在牧民和农牧社会中的罕见性，以及在经济发展期间母系血统被偏向儿子的继承所取代的趋势。我们目前的财富，性别和生殖成功（RS）的数据在两个非洲社会，母系Chewa在马拉维和父系Gabbra在肯尼亚，这支持女儿偏向投资理论。(C)2003年爱思唯尔科学公司All rights reserved.
From an evolutionary perspective, matriliny presents a puzzle because men in matrilineal societies transmit wealth to their sisters' sons, to whom they are only half as related as to their own sons. It has been argued that such systems would only maximise fitness under unrealistically high levels of paternity uncertainty. In this paper, we propose that matriliny can arise from daughter-biased investment by parents and/or grandparents. We show that daughter-biased investment is adaptive if the marginal benefit of wealth to sons (compared to daughters) does not outweigh the risk of nonpaternity in sons' offspring. We argue that such conditions will be rare where resource-holding polygyny is prevalent but could otherwise be widespread under even moderate levels of paternity uncertainty. The daughter-biased investment model explains two well-known characteristics of matrilineal descent: (a) matriliny's association with high levels of paternity uncertainty and (b) matriliny's ecological correlates, including its association with horticulture, its rarity in pastoralist and agro-pastoralist societies, and the tendency for matriliny to be replaced by son-biased inheritance during economic development. We present data on wealth, sex, and reproductive success (RS) in two African societies, the matrilineal Chewa in Malawi and patrilineal Gabbra in Kenya, which support the daughter-biased investment theory. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.