Experiments in Artificial Theory of Mind: From Safety to Story-Telling.
Experiments in Artificial Theory of Mind: From Safety to Story-Telling.
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DOI：
10.3389/frobt.2018.00075
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发表时间：
2018
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Winfield AFT
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Winfield AFT
心智理论是哲学家和心理学家给出的术语，指的是形成自我和他人预测模型的能力。本文主要讨论心理理论的综合模型。我们认为，首先，这样的模型——尤其是经过实验测试的模型——可以为认知提供有用的见解，其次，人工心智理论可以为智能机器人提供强大的新能力，特别是用于人机交互的社会智能。本文提出了一个假设，即基于仿真的内部模型为人工心智理论提供了一个强大的、可实现的、理论驱动的基础。作为心智模拟理论的计算模型，我们基于仿真的内部模型为机器人配备了自身及其环境的内部模型，包括其他动态参与者，可以测试（即模拟）机器人的下一个可能的动作，从而预测这些动作对自己和他人的可能后果。虽然它还远远不够完整的人工心智理论，但我们的模型确实允许我们测试几个有趣的场景：在其中一些场景中，一个配备了内部模型的机器人与其他没有内部模型的机器人交互，但充当人类的代理；在其他情况下，两个机器人都有一个基于仿真的内部模型相互作用。我们概述了一系列实验，每个实验都展示了人工心智理论的某些方面。
Theory of mind is the term given by philosophers and psychologists for the ability to form a predictive model of self and others. In this paper we focus on synthetic models of theory of mind. We contend firstly that such models—especially when tested experimentally—can provide useful insights into cognition, and secondly that artificial theory of mind can provide intelligent robots with powerful new capabilities, in particular social intelligence for human-robot interaction. This paper advances the hypothesis that simulation-based internal models offer a powerful and realisable, theory-driven basis for artificial theory of mind. Proposed as a computational model of the simulation theory of mind, our simulation-based internal model equips a robot with an internal model of itself and its environment, including other dynamic actors, which can test (i.e., simulate) the robot's next possible actions and hence anticipate the likely consequences of those actions both for itself and others. Although it falls far short of a full artificial theory of mind, our model does allow us to test several interesting scenarios: in some of these a robot equipped with the internal model interacts with other robots without an internal model, but acting as proxy humans; in others two robots each with a simulation-based internal model interact with each other. We outline a series of experiments which each demonstrate some aspect of artificial theory of mind.