Endophyte-Enhanced Resistance to Billbug (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Sod Webworm (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), and White Grub (Coleoptera: Scarabeidae) in Tall Fescue
Endophyte-Enhanced Resistance to Billbug (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), Sod Webworm (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), and White Grub (Coleoptera: Scarabeidae) in Tall Fescue
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DOI：
10.1093/ee/22.3.699
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发表时间：
1993-06
影响因子：
1.7
通讯作者：
James A. Murphy;Suichang Sun;Lora L. Betts
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
James A. Murphy;Suichang Sun;Lora L. Betts
本文报道了扁蝽属（Sphenophorus spp.）比以前记载的更复杂，并且可能对草坪草造成更大的损害。在新泽西的两个高羊茅（Festuca arundinacea Schreber）田间试验中，研究了内生真菌感染对长蝽取食损害的影响。在虫害发生前，内生菌感染对高羊茅草坪的整体质量没有显著影响。在无内生菌的高羊茅中，Billbug喂养损害减少了多达25%的草坪覆盖。两种扁蝽，S. venatus vestitus Chittenden和S.微小鼠哈特（S. minimus Hart）占两项试验收集的成年鼠的94%;前庭静脉占成虫的73%。在秋季和初冬期间活跃的幼虫摄食表明，第二代长喙蝽（S。venatus vestitus）于1991年在新泽西发生。另外两种类型的草坪草害虫，草地螟（鳞翅目：螟蛾科）和金龟子幼虫，观察在这两个领域的试验。在两个试验中，草地螟种群在内生菌感染的高羊茅中最低，而在一个试验中，幼虫种群仅在内生菌感染的地块中显着降低。从这个领域的研究结果表明，一个物种复杂的害虫，特别是billbug，可以是一个严重的问题，在内生菌免费高羊茅草坪和内生菌感染是重要的，以提高高水平的抗虫害。严重的昆虫取食损害高羊茅的示范进一步强调了宿主抗性的重要性，无论是通过内生菌增强还是“真正的”宿主抗性。
The species complex of billbugs ( Sphenophorus spp.) is more complicated and may cause more damage to turfgrass than previously documented. The influence of endophyte infection on billbug feeding damage was examined in two tall fescue ( Festuca arundinacea Schreber) field trials in New Jersey. Before insect damage, endophyte infection in tall fescue had no marked influence on overall turf quality. Billbug feeding damage reduced turf cover by as much as 25% in endophyte-free tall fescue. Two billbug species, S. venatus vestitus Chittenden and S. minimus Hart, accounted for 94% of the adults collected from the two trials; S. venatus vestitus accounted for 73% of the adults. Active larvae feeding during fall and early winter demonstrated that a second generation of billbug ( S. venatus vestitus ) occurred in New Jersey in 1991. Two additional types of turfgrass pests, sod webworms (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and scarabeid grubs, were observed in these two field trials. Sod webworm population was lowest in endophyte-infected tall fescue of both trials whereas grub population was only significantly lower in endophyte-infected plots of one trial. The results from this field study indicate that a species complex of insect pests, and in particular billbug, can be a serious problem in endophyte-free tall fescue turf and that endophyte infection is important for enhancing a high level of resistance to insect damage. The demonstration of serious insect feeding damage to tall fescue further emphasizes the importance of host resistance, whether through endophyte enhancement or “true” host resistance.