Shotgun metagenomics reveals a wide array of antibiotic resistance genes and mobile elements in a polluted lake in India.
Shotgun metagenomics reveals a wide array of antibiotic resistance genes and mobile elements in a polluted lake in India.
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DOI：
10.3389/fmicb.2014.00648
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发表时间：
2014
影响因子：
5.2
通讯作者：
Larsson DG
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Bengtsson-Palme J;Boulund F;Fick J;Kristiansson E;Larsson DG
越来越多的证据表明，许多抗生素耐药基因的环境起源。因此，确定选择和维持这些抗性因素的特定风险环境是很重要的。在这项研究中，我们描述了受氟喹诺酮类抗生素工业污染的印度湖泊中抗生素耐药基因的多样性。我们还评估了鉴定出的抗性基因的遗传背景，试图预测它们的遗传可转移性。该湖拥有广泛的抗性基因（81种已确定的基因类型），基本上可以对抗所有主要类型的抗生素，以及负责动员遗传物质的基因。据估计，抗性基因的数量是瑞典一个湖泊的7000倍，后者只发现了8个抗性基因。sul2和qnrD基因是印度湖最常见的抗性基因。在印度湖宏基因组中发现了26个已知质粒和21个推测的新质粒，与发现的基因一起，表明通过偶联进行水平基因转移的潜力很大。有趣的是，湖泊的微生物群落仍然包括广泛的分类群，这表明，在大多数门中，细菌已经相对较好地适应了这种高度污染的环境。基于我们已检测到的已知抗性因素的广泛范围和高丰度，似乎湖中还存在尚未被识别的抗性基因。因此，我们得出结论，被抗生素制造废物污染的环境可能是移动抗生素耐药基因的重要储存库。
There is increasing evidence for an environmental origin of many antibiotic resistance genes. Consequently, it is important to identify environments of particular risk for selecting and maintaining such resistance factors. In this study, we described the diversity of antibiotic resistance genes in an Indian lake subjected to industrial pollution with fluoroquinolone antibiotics. We also assessed the genetic context of the identified resistance genes, to try to predict their genetic transferability. The lake harbored a wide range of resistance genes (81 identified gene types) against essentially every major class of antibiotics, as well as genes responsible for mobilization of genetic material. Resistance genes were estimated to be 7000 times more abundant than in a Swedish lake included for comparison, where only eight resistance genes were found. The sul2 and qnrD genes were the most common resistance genes in the Indian lake. Twenty-six known and 21 putative novel plasmids were recovered in the Indian lake metagenome, which, together with the genes found, indicate a large potential for horizontal gene transfer through conjugation. Interestingly, the microbial community of the lake still included a wide range of taxa, suggesting that, across most phyla, bacteria has adapted relatively well to this highly polluted environment. Based on the wide range and high abundance of known resistance factors we have detected, it is plausible that yet unrecognized resistance genes are also present in the lake. Thus, we conclude that environments polluted with waste from antibiotic manufacturing could be important reservoirs for mobile antibiotic resistance genes.