Breaking Habits With Implementation Intentions: A Test of Underlying Processes
Breaking Habits With Implementation Intentions: A Test of Underlying Processes
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DOI：
10.1177/0146167211399102
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发表时间：
2011-04-01
影响因子：
4
通讯作者：
Kroese, Floor M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Adriaanse, Marieke A.;Gollwitzer, Peter M.;Kroese, Floor M.
实施意图指定在关键情况下用替代响应替换习惯响应可以推翻习惯。在三个实验中，这种反习惯的实施意图的认知效果进行了调查。结果表明，实施意图消除了“赛马”与替代反应的习惯性手段的认知优势。也就是说，在控制条件下，在遇到紧急情况时，习惯手段比替代手段更容易获得，但当实施意图形成时，情况就不再如此了。然而，习惯手段的认知优势并没有立即被替代手段的自动激活所取代。这表明，制定反习惯的实施意图增加了个人的灵活性，选择在关键情况下执行的行为，但实际行为将偏离他们的习惯，只有在一定程度上，个人有强烈的替代目标意图。
Implementation intentions specifying the replacement of a habitual response with an alternative response in a critical situation can overrule habits. In three experiments the cognitive effects of such counterhabitual implementation intentions were investigated. Results showed that implementation intentions eliminated the cognitive advantage of the habitual means in the "horse race" with the alternative response. That is, in the control condition, the habitual means was more accessible than the alternative means on encountering the critical situation, but this was no longer the case when implementation intentions were formulated. However, the cognitive advantage of the habitual means was not immediately replaced by an automatic activation of the alternative means. This suggests that formulating counterhabitual implementation intentions increases individuals' flexibility to choose which behavior to perform in the critical situation but that actual behavior will depart from their habits only to the extent that individuals have strong alternative goal intentions.