Concentrating Solar Power for Seawater Desalination
Concentrating Solar Power for Seawater Desalination
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聚光太阳能用于海水淡化
DOI：
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发表时间：
2007
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
F. Trieb
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
F. Trieb
所有中东和北非国家都拥有巨大的太阳能潜力。使用聚光太阳能热发电厂（CSP）通过电力或与工艺蒸汽联合发电为海水淡化提供动力，以解决中东和北非地区的水资源短缺问题是一个相当明显的方法。由德国联邦环境、自然保护和核安全部 (BMU) 赞助的 AQUA-CSP 项目量化了该技术在中东和北非地区的潜力以及大规模传播所带来的社会经济和环境影响，以便为水务部门的决策者和政策制定者提供可靠的数据库，并促进将该方法纳入国家扩展计划。这里介绍了该项目的一些初步结果。人口和经济的增长、城市化和工业化的不断发展以及中东和北非地区饮用水自然资源的相当有限，导致中东和北非许多地区淡水资源严重短缺。将尽快建立现代化的配水基础设施、提高使用效率和更好的水管理。然而，即使改变最佳做法也会留下相当大的赤字，而过度开采地下水资源很难弥补这些赤字。因此，为了维持合理的供水水平，增加淡化海水的使用是不可避免的。从长远来看，基于化石燃料的海水淡化既不可持续，也不经济可行，因为燃料变得越来越昂贵和稀缺。聚光太阳能（CSP）为大规模海水淡化提供了化石燃料的可持续替代方案。 CSP可以帮助解决这个问题，但必须立即开始市场推广，以便及时达到必要的淡水生产率。
All MENA countries have an outstanding potential for solar energy. Using concentrating solar thermal power (CSP) plants to power seawater desalination either by electricity or in combined generation with process steam to solve the water scarcity problem in MENA is a rather obvious approach. The AQUA-CSP project sponsored by the German Federal Ministry for the Environment, Nature Conservation and Nuclear Safety (BMU) quantifies the potential of this technology in MENA and the socio-economic and environmental impacts implied by a large scale dissemination in order to provide a reliable data base for decision and policy makers in the water sector and to facilitate the inclusion of this approach in national expansion plans. Some preliminary results of this project are presented here. Growth of population and economy, increasing urbanization and industrialization, and the rather limited natural resources of potable water in MENA are leading to serious deficits of freshwater in many parts of MENA. Modern infrastructure for water distribution, enhanced efficiency of use and better water management are to be established as soon as possible. However, even the change to best practice would leave considerable deficits, which are poorly covered by over-exploiting groundwater resources. Increased use of desalted seawater is therefore unavoidable in order to maintain a reasonable level of water supply. The desalination of seawater based on fossil fuels is neither sustainable nor economically feasible in a long-term perspective, as fuels are increasingly becoming expensive and scarce. Concentrating solar power (CSP) offers a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels for large scale seawater desalination. CSP can help to solve the problem, but market introduction must start immediately in order to achieve the necessary freshwater production rates in time.