The Geography of Violence, Alcohol Outlets, and Drug Arrests in Boston
The Geography of Violence, Alcohol Outlets, and Drug Arrests in Boston
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DOI：
10.2105/ajph.2012.300927
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发表时间：
2013-04-01
影响因子：
12.7
通讯作者：
Rura, Melissa
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lipton, Robert;Yang, Xiaowen;Rura, Melissa
目标。 2006 年，我们研究了马萨诸塞州波士顿的酒类销售点、毒品市场（以因拥有和贩运而被捕的情况进行估算）和暴力之间的关系。我们分析了与暴力相关的地理和环境因素以及个人因素，并确定了暴力犯罪高发地区。方法。我们使用了来自波士顿警察局、美国人口普查局和马萨诸塞州酒精饮料控制委员会的数据。在街区组级别采用空间建模，并绘制了暴力犯罪、酒精销售点和毒品市场的地图。结果。相对于其他街区群体，暴力犯罪率最高的街区群体（n = 55）被发现更贫穷（例如，收入较低，空置房屋比例较高），并且他们拥有更多的酒类商店和更高的毒品逮捕率。酒类销售点、持有毒品和贩运被捕是暴力犯罪的前兆。此外，邻近街区群产生的空间效应也与暴力犯罪有关。酒精出口密度和类型都以差异化和复杂的方式与暴力犯罪相关。结论。以持有毒品和贩运被捕作为毒品市场的代理，除了典型的社会人口预测因素之外，还发现了酒精销售点和暴力之间的空间关系。
Objectives. We examined the relationship between alcohol outlets, drug markets (approximated by arrests for possession and trafficking), and violence in Boston, Massachusetts, in 2006. We analyzed geographic and environmental versus individual factors related to violence and identified areas high in violent crime.Methods. We used data from the Boston Police Department, US Census, and Massachusetts State Alcohol Beverage Control Commission. Spatial modeling was employed at the block group level, and violent crime, alcohol outlets, and drug markets were mapped.Results. Relative to other block groups, block groups in the highest decile of violent crime (n = 55) were found to be poorer (e. g., lower incomes, higher percentages of vacant homes), and they had greater numbers of alcohol outlets and higher drug arrest rates. Alcohol outlets and drug possession and trafficking arrests were predictive of violent crime. Also, spatial effects resulting from neighboring block groups were related to violent crime. Both alcohol outlet density and type were associated with violent crime in a differentiated and complex way.Conclusions. With drug possession and trafficking arrests as a proxy for drug markets, spatial relationships between alcohol outlets and violence were found in addition to typical sociodemographic predictors.