Analysis of Cancer Metabolism by Imaging Hyperpolarized Nuclei: Prospects for Translation to Clinical Research
Analysis of Cancer Metabolism by Imaging Hyperpolarized Nuclei: Prospects for Translation to Clinical Research
复制标题
DOI：
10.1593/neo.101102
复制
发表时间：
2011-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.8
通讯作者：
Malloy, Craig R.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kurhanewicz, John;Vigneron, Daniel B.;Malloy, Craig R.
癌症生物学的一个主要挑战是监测和了解体内癌症代谢，以改善诊断和治疗。由于生物化学途径的复杂性，需要示踪方法来检测特定的酶催化反应。通过核磁共振检测的稳定同位素如C-13或N-15提供了关于组织生物化学的必要信息，但关键代谢物以低浓度存在，因此超出了传统磁共振方法的检测阈值。一个解决方案是通过在磁场中暂时重新分布核自旋的数量，将灵敏度提高10，000倍或更多，这一过程称为超极化。虽然这种效应是短暂的，但超极化分子可以在水溶液中产生并注入体内，其中代谢产生可以成像的产物。这一发现解除了磁共振成像监测代谢的主要限制--灵敏度低--同时保留了生化信息的优势。本报告的目的是简要总结已知的癌症代谢异常，当前代谢成像方法的价值和局限性，以及超极化的原理。最近的临床前应用进行了说明。超极化技术仍处于起步阶段，并且当前的极化器设备和方法是次优的。尽管如此，将这项令人兴奋的技术快速转化为临床研究和临床护理并没有根本性的障碍。
A major challenge in cancer biology is to monitor and understand cancer metabolism in vivo with the goal of improved diagnosis and perhaps therapy. Because of the complexity of biochemical pathways, tracer methods are required for detecting specific enzyme-catalyzed reactions. Stable isotopes such as C-13 or N-15 with detection by nuclear magnetic resonance provide the necessary information about tissue biochemistry, but the crucial metabolites are present in low concentration and therefore are beyond the detection threshold of traditional magnetic resonance methods. A solution is to improve sensitivity by a factor of 10,000 or more by temporarily redistributing the populations of nuclear spins in a magnetic field, a process termed hyperpolarization. Although this effect is short-lived, hyperpolarized molecules can be generated in an aqueous solution and infused in vivo where metabolism generates products that can be imaged. This discovery lifts the primary constraint on magnetic resonance imaging for monitoring metabolism-poor sensitivity-while preserving the advantage of biochemical information. The purpose of this report was to briefly summarize the known abnormalities in cancer metabolism, the value and limitations of current imaging methods for metabolism, and the principles of hyperpolarization. Recent preclinical applications are described. Hyperpolarization technology is still in its infancy, and current polarizer equipment and methods are suboptimal. Nevertheless, there are no fundamental barriers to rapid translation of this exciting technology to clinical research and perhaps clinical care.