THE GEOGRAPHY OF METROPOLITAN OPPORTUNITY - A RECONNAISSANCE AND CONCEPTUAL-FRAMEWORK
THE GEOGRAPHY OF METROPOLITAN OPPORTUNITY - A RECONNAISSANCE AND CONCEPTUAL-FRAMEWORK
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DOI：
10.1080/10511482.1995.9521180
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发表时间：
1995-01-01
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
KILLEN, SP
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
GALSTER, GC;KILLEN, SP
我们提出了一个大都市机会的概念框架和一个关于影响青年未来社会经济地位问题的个人决策模型。决策及其地理环境有客观和主观两个方面。客观的空间变化发生在大都市的机会结构中，即有助于向上流动的社会系统、市场和制度。决策是基于决策者的价值观、愿望、偏好和对可能结果的主观感知，这些都是由当地的社会网络（例如亲属、邻居和朋友）塑造的。我们也回顾了有关决策的心理学文献。我们假设决策方法随着考虑的机会范围而变化：选择较少的人采用较少考虑的方法，其中错误和短期关注的可能性更大。我们的研究还发现了经验证据，表明当地的社会网络对青年在教育、生育、工作和犯罪方面的决策有重要影响。讨论了政策影响。
We present a conceptual framework for metropolitan opportunity and a model of individual decision making about issues affecting youth's future socioeconomic status. Decision making and its geographic context have objective and subjective aspects. Objective spatial variations occur in the metropolitan opportunity structure-social systems, markets, and institutions that aid upward mobility. Decisions are based on the decision-maker's values, aspirations, preferences, and subjective perceptions of possible outcomes, which are all shaped by the local social network (e.g., kin, neighbors, and friends).We also review the psychological literature on decision making. We hypothesize that the decision-making method varies with the range of opportunities considered: Those with fewer options adopt a less considered method wherein mistakes and short-term focus are more likely. Our review also finds empirical evidence that the local social network has an important effect on youth's decisions regarding education, fertility, work, and crime. Policy implications are discussed.