Seismic potential of weak, near-surface faults revealed at plate tectonic slip rates.
Seismic potential of weak, near-surface faults revealed at plate tectonic slip rates.
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DOI：
10.1126/sciadv.1701269
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发表时间：
2017-11
期刊：
影响因子：
13.6
通讯作者：
Kopf AJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ikari MJ;Kopf AJ
板速率速度下的实验剪切揭示了弱浅断层上的慢滑动事件和地震潜力。主要断层的近地表区域通常含有弱的页硅酸盐矿物，根据实验室摩擦测量，这些矿物被认为可以稳定蠕变。然而，现在已知浅断层可以经历数十米的地震滑动，并且还可以发生缓慢和瞬时的滑动事件。实验室实验的进行速度通常比板块构造速度快至少两个数量级，而板块构造速度是主要断层的自然驱动条件；缺乏自然驾驶率的实验数据代表了一个关键的知识差距。我们以每年厘米的驱动速度对自然断层带样本进行实验室摩擦实验，以证明有大量证据表明存在以前未预测到的不稳定滑动行为。具体来说，软弱的富含粘土的断层样本会产生慢滑动事件（SSE），并具有有利于地震破裂的摩擦特性。我们的工作解释了对浅层 SSE 和地表地震滑移的日益增多的现场观测，并预测应该更广泛地预期这种现象。
Experimental shearing at plate rate speeds reveals slow slip events and earthquake potential on weak, shallow faults. The near-surface areas of major faults commonly contain weak, phyllosilicate minerals, which, based on laboratory friction measurements, are assumed to creep stably. However, it is now known that shallow faults can experience tens of meters of earthquake slip and also host slow and transient slip events. Laboratory experiments are generally performed at least two orders of magnitude faster than plate tectonic speeds, which are the natural driving conditions for major faults; the absence of experimental data for natural driving rates represents a critical knowledge gap. We use laboratory friction experiments on natural fault zone samples at driving rates of centimeters per year to demonstrate that there is abundant evidence of unstable slip behavior that was not previously predicted. Specifically, weak clay-rich fault samples generate slow slip events (SSEs) and have frictional properties favorable for earthquake rupture. Our work explains growing field observations of shallow SSE and surface-breaking earthquake slip, and predicts that such phenomena should be more widely expected.
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影响因子：
3.9
作者：
Carpenter, B. M.;Ikari, M. J.;Marone, C.
通讯作者：
Marone, C.
影响因子：
5.3
作者：
Ikari, Matt J.;Carpenter, Brett M.;Kopf, Achim J.
通讯作者：
Kopf, Achim J.
影响因子：
18.3
作者：
Ikari, Matt J.;Marone, Chris;Kopf, Achim J.
通讯作者：
Kopf, Achim J.
影响因子：
--
作者：
ANDREWS, DJ
通讯作者：
ANDREWS, DJ
影响因子：
--
作者：
GOULTY, NR;GILMAN, R
通讯作者：
GILMAN, R