Interaction In The Oral Proficiency Interview: Problems Of Validity
Interaction In The Oral Proficiency Interview: Problems Of Validity
复制标题
口语能力面试中的互动：有效性问题
DOI：
10.1075/prag.10.2.03joh
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发表时间：
2000
期刊：
影响因子：
1.1
通讯作者：
Marysia Johnson
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Marysia Johnson
本文报道了一项语篇分析研究的结果，其目的是回答以下研究问题：什么样的言语事件是OPI？它更像是一次日常的、友好的谈话、一次采访，还是其他什么？为了回答这个问题，我们对35个OPI进行了语篇分析。对转录和编码的OPI数据进行频率计数和卡方推断统计。然后将话语分析的结果与研究中选择的两个言语事件的原型特征进行比较（即，会话和访谈），以确定和描述最典型的话语和语言特征的OPI。语篇分析的结果与ETS声称的“一个结构良好的OPI测试的是在真实的生活语境--对话中的口语能力”（ETS 1989）相矛盾。OPI并不测试在真实的生活背景下的说话能力--对话。它在面试的背景下测试说话能力，或者更准确地说，在调查研究面试的背景下，这是基于刺激和反应的行为主义理论（Mishler 1986）。这些发现对OPI测试工具的有效性提出了质疑。
This article reports on the findings of a discourse analysis study whose purpose was to provide answers to the following research question: What kind of speech event is the OPI? Is it more like an everyday, friendly conversation, an interview, or something else? To obtain some answers to this research question, a discourse analysis of 35 OPIs was conducted. Frequency counts and chi-square inferential statistics were performed on the transcribed and coded OPI data. The results of the discourse analysis were then compared with the prototypical features of the two speech events selected for the study (i.e., conversation and interview) to determine and describe the most typical discourse and linguistic features of the OPI. The findings of the discourse analysis contradict the ETS claim that “a well structured OPI tests speaking ability in a real life context - conversation” (ETS 1989). The OPI does not test speaking ability in a real life context - conversation. It tests speaking ability in the context of an interview, or more precisely, in the context of a survey research interview, which is based on the behavioristic theory of stimulus and response (Mishler 1986). These findings raise a question about the validity of the OPI testing instrument.