Biological colonization of Motmot, a recently-created tropical island
Biological colonization of Motmot, a recently-created tropical island
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新近创建的热带岛屿莫特莫特的生物殖民
DOI：
10.1098/rspb.1975.0104
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发表时间：
1975
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
J. Glucksman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
E. Ball;J. Glucksman
莫特莫特岛是1968年由智慧湖火山喷发形成的岛屿，智慧湖是一个大型淡水湖，填满了巴布亚新几内亚长岛的中央火山口。该岛距离最近的陆地约3公里，于1969、1971、1972和1973年进行了生物殖民进展情况的调查。莫特莫特火山在1973年多次喷发，从而中断了那里逐渐增加的生命，因此本报告描述了直到1972年11月的殖民进程，这是我们在1973年火山喷发前最后一次造访该岛。莫特莫特植物区系从1969年的1种成熟高等植物迅速发展到1972年的14种。莎草属莎草是迄今为止最成功的植物殖民者。从植物区系的分布和组成来看，大多数植物似乎起源于黑鸭(Anas Superciliosa Gmelin)带到岛上的种子。到1972年成功在莫特莫特定居的无脊椎动物大致可分为以下几类：(1)直接或间接依赖岛外有机物质输入的小甲虫、蚂蚁和虫子的链动物；(2)蚂蚁，它们在火山口池塘周围的植被中形成相当大的群体；(3)到1972年在岛上几乎所有地方都能发现的头盔和狼蛛；(4)在火山口池塘边缘硬化的藻皮下发现的葡萄球菌和弹尾虫。Lycosids在1969年出现，而其他生物在后来几年出现。自1969年以来，黑鸭一直在岛上筑巢，而燕子(Hirundo Tahitica Gmelin)于1971年首次在那里筑巢。1973年的一系列喷发杀死了大部分植物群落，但对无脊椎动物的影响相对较小。
Motmot is an island formed in 1968 by a volcanic eruption in Lake Wisdom, a large freshwater lake filling the central caldera of Long Island, Papua New Guinea. The progress of biological colonization of the island, which lies about 3 km from the nearest land, was surveyed in 1969, 1971, 1972 and 1973. Motmot erupted repeatedly in 1973, thus interrupting the gradual increase in life there, so the present account describes the progress of colonization up to November 1972, which was our last visit to the island before the 1973 eruption. The flora of Motmot has grown rapidly from one species of mature higher plant in 1969 to fourteen species in 1972. Sedges of the genus Cyperus were by far the most successful plant colonists. From the distribution and composition of the flora it appears likely that most of the plants originated from seeds carried to the island by Black Ducks ( Anas superciliosa Gmelin). The invertebrates which had succeeded in colonizing Motmot by 1972 can be roughly grouped as (1) a strand fauna of small beetles, ants and bugs dependent, either directly or indirectly, on the input of organic material from off-island; (2) ants, which were established in fair-sized colonies among vegetation around the crater pond; (3) earwigs and lycosid spiders which by 1972 were found in almost all parts of the island; and (4) staphylinids and collembolans found beneath a hardened algal crust on the margins of the crater pond. The lycosids were present in 1969 while the other organisms appeared in later years. Black Ducks have been nesting on the island since 1969 while swallows ( Hirundo tahitica Gmelin) were first noted nesting there in 1971. The series of eruptions in 1973 killed most of the plant community, but had relatively little effect on the invertebrate fauna.