4-Vinylanisole is an aggregation pheromone in locusts
4-Vinylanisole is an aggregation pheromone in locusts
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DOI：
10.1038/s41586-020-2610-4
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发表时间：
2020-08-12
期刊：
影响因子：
64.8
通讯作者：
Kang, Le
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Guo, Xiaojiao;Yu, Qiaoqiao;Kang, Le
蝗灾威胁着全世界的农业和环境安全(1,2)。聚集信息素在蝗虫从独居形式向毁灭性群居形式的转变以及大规模群的形成过程中发挥着至关重要的作用(3,4)。然而，所报道的候选化合物(5-7)均不符合蝗虫聚集信息素的所有标准。在这里，通过行为分析、电生理记录、嗅觉受体表征和现场实验，我们证明 4-乙烯基苯甲醚 (4VA)（也称为 4-甲氧基苯乙烯）是飞蝗（Locusta migratoria）的聚集信息素。无论年龄和性别，群居蝗虫和独居蝗虫都会被 4VA 强烈吸引。虽然 4VA 是由群居蝗虫专门排放的，但 4 到 5 只独居蝗虫的聚集可以触发 4VA 的产生。它特别引起蝗虫触角上的基本感器的反应。我们还鉴定出 OR35 是 4VA 的特异性嗅觉受体。使用 CRISPR-Cas9 敲除 OR35 显着降低了触角的电生理反应，并损害了 4VA 行为吸引力。最后，田间诱捕实验验证了4VA对实验种群和野生种群的吸引力。这些发现确定了蝗虫聚集信息素，并为开发新型蝗虫控制策略提供了见解。 4-乙烯基苯甲醚是由群居蝗虫或独居蝗虫聚集所释放的，被认为是一种聚集信息素，通过嗅觉受体 OR35 发挥作用，强烈吸引独居和群居蝗虫。
Locust plagues threaten agricultural and environmental safety throughout the world(1,2). Aggregation pheromones have a crucial role in the transition of locusts from a solitary form to the devastating gregarious form and the formation of large-scale swarms(3,4). However, none of the candidate compounds reported(5-7)meet all the criteria for a locust aggregation pheromone. Here, using behavioural assays, electrophysiological recording, olfactory receptor characterization and field experiments, we demonstrate that 4-vinylanisole (4VA) (also known as 4-methoxystyrene) is an aggregation pheromone of the migratory locust (Locusta migratoria). Both gregarious and solitary locusts are strongly attracted to 4VA, regardless of age and sex. Although it is emitted specifically by gregarious locusts, 4VA production can be triggered by aggregation of four to five solitary locusts. It elicits responses specifically from basiconic sensilla on locust antennae. We also identified OR35 as a specific olfactory receptor of 4VA. Knockout of OR35 using CRISPR-Cas9 markedly reduced the electrophysiological responses of the antennae and impaired 4VA behavioural attractiveness. Finally, field trapping experiments verified the attractiveness of 4VA to experimental and wild populations. These findings identify a locust aggregation pheromone and provide insights for the development of novel control strategies for locusts.4-Vinylanisole, which is emitted by gregarious locusts or as a result of aggregation of solitary locusts, is identified as an aggregation pheromone that strongly attracts both solitary and gregarious locusts, acting via the olfactory receptor OR35.