Shoreline Armoring, Risk Management, and Coastal Resilience Under Rising Seas
Shoreline Armoring, Risk Management, and Coastal Resilience Under Rising Seas
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海平面上升下的海岸线装甲、风险管理和海岸恢复能力
DOI：
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发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Adam L. Ayers
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
John N. Kittinger;Adam L. Ayers
海陆界面是一个以自然生态过程和人为变化为特征的复杂社会生态系统。海岸线的整体管理是海岸带管理(CZM)方案中以生态系统为基础的陆地-海洋界面方法的关键要素。人类对海岸线环境的改变导致了沙质海滩生态系统的严重损失，并侵蚀了这些系统对干扰的恢复能力。我们通过比较美国两个州(夏威夷和北卡罗来纳州)海岸线管理的替代方法，测试了CZM项目在当前和未来挑战下管理海陆界面的有效性。我们的结果表明，明确禁止海岸线装甲，通过将与海岸开发相关的风险从公共信托转移到私人土地所有者，在保护动态的海岸环境和社区方面更加有效。从长远来看，强有力的反装甲立法将抑制高风险的沿海开发项目的积极性，同时保护沿海环境及其为社会提供的生态服务。在持续的海岸侵蚀和未来海平面上升的情况下，提出了有效的海岸线管理和提高海岸复原力的政策处方。
The land–sea interface is a complex social–ecological system characterized by natural ecological processes and human-induced changes. Holistic management of the shoreline is a critical element of an ecosystem-based approach to the land–sea interface in coastal zone management (CZM) programs. Anthropogenic alteration of shoreline environments has resulted in significant loss of sandy beach ecosystems and eroded the resilience of these systems to disturbance. We tested the efficacy of CZM programs in managing the land–sea interface under current and future challenges by comparing alternative approaches to shoreline management in two U.S. states (Hawai‘i and North Carolina). Our results show that explicit prohibition of shoreline armoring has been more effective in conserving dynamic coastal environments and communities by passing the risk associated with coastal development from the public trust to private landowners. Over the long-term, robust anti-armoring legislation will de-incentivize risky coastal development projects while preserving coastal environments and the ecological services they provide to society. Policy prescriptions for effective shoreline management and increased coastal resilience under persistent coastal erosion and future sea-level rise are proposed.