On the Validity of Marginal Analysis for Policy Making
On the Validity of Marginal Analysis for Policy Making
复制标题
论边际分析对政策制定的有效性
作者：
D. Worcester
阿维纳什·迪塞尔和维克托·诺曼对“广告与福利”的分析提供了一个有趣的例子，说明了我认为严重误导的分析类型。[1]他们（以下简称D-N）开始将经济分为垄断和竞争部门。尽管我们没有被告知垄断是如何形成的，但他们的模型比其他模型更复杂，因为它承认广告可能会改善消费者福利的可能性。这种可能性的存在，不是通过改善信息，而是通过误导消费者购买更多的垄断产品，而不是他们本来可以在垄断价格下购买的。其结果是没有普遍竞争的效率，但它可以比最初的位置更好。2广告浪费了一些资源，但它抵消了最初的
Avinash Dixit and Victor Norman's analysis of "Advertising and Welfare" provide an interesting example of the type of analysis I think seriously misleading.1 They, (henceforth D-N) begin with an economy divided into monopolistic and competitive sectors. Although we are not told how the monopoly came into existence, their model is more sophisticated than others because it admits the possibility that advertising might improve consumer welfare. This possibility exists, not by improving information, but by misleading otherwise correctly-informed consumers into purchasing more of the monopolized product than they otherwise would have at the monopoly price. The result is not as efficient as universal competition but it can be better than the initial position.2 Advertising wastes some resources but it offsets the initial