Land use planning for disaster risk management
Land use planning for disaster risk management
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灾害风险管理的土地利用规划
DOI：
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Y. Ferland
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
F. Roy;Y. Ferland
土地利用规划（LUP）目前被认为是自然灾害风险管理（DRM）核心的最佳实践之一，可以提高受影响人群的安全和恢复能力。通过 LUP 政策，社区可以考虑灾害风险及其空间分布，引导更可持续的土地开发和利用，并减少经常居住在具有重大风险和限制的退化地点的穷人的脆弱性。粮农组织对此问题深感关切，并通过《权属负责任治理自愿准则》全面解决了这一问题。自愿准则详细介绍了向政府当局提出的有关 LUP 及其分区监管控制的五项建议。在自然灾害风险管理的背景下，政府当局应将 LUP 视为防灾、减灾和为可能发生的灾害做好准备、组织应急措施、协调恢复行动、人口迁移和重建的程序。规划过程的目标应是在干预的所有阶段减少与遭受灾害的人群相关的风险。 LUP 涉及土地政策制定，包括实地法律和技术实施、总体规划和分区。规划行为可能会导致风险区域的识别和规范规则的确定，这可能会禁止土地使用或改变财产和保有权。 LUP 流程可以通过公众参与和协作决策赋予穷人和最弱势群体权力，从而提高他们的能力。公众参与增加了政策制定和项目制定过程的合法性和透明度，并提高了社会可接受性。此外，LUP通过考虑女性对社区空间布局的需求来支持性别平等。最后，本文试图证明自然灾害后的脆弱性具有三重性质：与限制场地使用的风险和限制相关的地理脆弱性、与人口的社会经济特征相关的社会脆弱性以及与社区可用于应对与灾害相关的风险和危险的资源（通常有限）相关的制度脆弱性。
Land-use planning (LUP) is currently considered to be one of the best practices at the core of natural Disaster Risk Management (DRM) that can improve the security and resilience of the people affected. With a LUP policy, a community can consider disaster risks and their spatial distribution, steer more sustainable land development and use, and reduce the vulnerability of poor people who are often settled on degraded sites with significant risks and constraints. FAO is deeply concerned about this issue, which is addressed in a comprehensive manner through the Voluntary Guidelines on the Responsible Governance of Tenure . The Voluntary Guidelines detail five proposals to government authorities in relation to LUP and its regulatory control by zoning. In the context of natural DRM, LUP should be considered by government authorities as a procedure for pre-disaster prevention, mitigation, and preparedness for possible disasters, organization of emergency measures, coordination of recovery operations, displacement of populations and reconstruction. The planning process should then aim to reduce, during all phases of intervention, the risks associated with populations exposed to disaster. LUP concerns land policy formulation, encompassing legal and technical implementation on the ground, a master plan and zoning. The act of planning may result in identification of risk areas and the determination of normative rules, which can prohibit land use or alter property and tenure rights. The LUP process can improve the capacity of the poor and most disadvantaged by empowering them through public participation and collaborative decision-making. Public participation adds legitimacy and transparency to the process of policy formulation and programme development and promotes social acceptability. Moreover, LUP favours gender equality by taking into account the needs of women with respect to spatial arrangement of communities. Finally, this article attempts to demonstrate that vulnerability following natural disasters has a threefold nature: geographic vulnerability linked to the risks and constraints that limit use of a site, social vulnerability related to the socio-economic characteristics of the population, and institutional vulnerability consistent with the resources (often limited) available to communities to face the risks and dangers associated with a disaster.