SEEING LESS AND KNOWING MORE - THE BENEFITS OF PERCEPTUAL IGNORANCE
SEEING LESS AND KNOWING MORE - THE BENEFITS OF PERCEPTUAL IGNORANCE
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DOI：
10.1037/0022-3514.54.2.193
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发表时间：
1988-02-01
影响因子：
7.6
通讯作者：
KRULL, DS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
GILBERT, DT;KRULL, DS
我们认为，倾向是从非语言行为比从语言行为更自动地推断出来的，因此语言行为的归因处理更容易受到外围认知活动的损害。在实验 1 中，受试者观察到一位求职者声称自己具备理想工作的必备素质，但他未能表现出非语言行为来支持这一说法。执行同时视觉检测任务的受试者主要根据申请人的非语言行为进行归因，并且比对照受试者得出更少偏见的推论。在实验 2 和 3 中，受试者听到一位冷漠的散文家被迫阅读政治演讲。与对照受试者相比，同时执行视觉检测任务或并发社会影响任务的受试者得出的偏见更少。这些研究表明，人的感知包括其自动特征程度不同的子过程，并且同时执行认知操作可以使感知者避免某些类型的推理错误。
We suggest that dispositions are more automatically inferred from nonlinguistic than from linguistic behavior, and thus the attributional processing of linguistic behavior is more easily impaired by peripheral cognitive activities. In Experiment 1, subjects observed an applicant who claimed to possess the requisite attributes for a desirable job, but who failed to display nonlinguistic behavior to support that claim. Subjects who performed a concurrent visual detection task based their attributions primarily on the applicant's nonlinguistic behavior and drew less biased inferences than did control subjects. In Experiments 2 and 3, subjects heard an unenthusiastic essayist who was constrained to read a political speech. Subjects who performed either a concurrent visual detection task or a concurrent social influence task drew less biased inferences than did control subjects. These studies suggest that person perception includes subprocesses that differ in their characteristic degrees of automaticity and that performing simultaneous cognitive operations may enable perceivers to avoid certain kinds of inferential errors.