Managing hunting under uncertainty: from one-off ecological indicators to resilience approaches in assessing the sustainability of bushmeat hunting
Managing hunting under uncertainty: from one-off ecological indicators to resilience approaches in assessing the sustainability of bushmeat hunting
复制标题
不确定性下的狩猎管理：从一次性生态指标到评估森林猎物可持续性的弹性方法
DOI：
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发表时间：
2015
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
R. Nasi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
N. Vliet;J. Fa;R. Nasi
尽管热带地区丛林肉狩猎的可持续性是保护和发展从业者主要关注的问题，但我们对如何衡量可持续性以及如何建立可持续丛林肉狩猎系统仍然知之甚少。我们回顾了目前用于调查森林猎物可持续性的传统方法的局限性，讨论了将复杂系统的特征纳入可持续性评估的必要性，并提出了恢复力理论如何帮助理解森林猎物可持续性和更有效地保护热带地区野生动物的建议。用于评估森林猎物可持续性的传统方法包括人口增长的人口统计模型、一次性生物指标、人口趋势方法、基于收获的指标以及地点之间人口统计参数的比较。事实证明，这些传统的生物可持续性指数不足以衡量丛林肉狩猎的影响，因为可持续性被视为静态的二元（是或否）问题，从而忽略了随机过程、自然系统的固有可变性以及狩猎系统的复杂性。我们建议，热带地区的森林猎物狩猎系统应被视为社会生态系统，狩猎对猎物种群的影响并不是唯一的焦点。相反，弹性分析旨在了解狩猎场、其资源、利益相关者以及在不同规模上影响系统组成部分的不同外生变化驱动因素之间复杂且动态的关系。在森林猎物狩猎中使用复原力理论的主要含义是，从需要用不精确的措施评估种群，转变为将复杂系统固有的不确定性和随机性纳入参与性和适应性管理过程。因此，复原力分析为森林猎物的可持续利用提供了前所未有的机会，并允许在发现系统接近给定阈值时确定加强复原力的策略，而不是加强堡垒保护。
Despite the fact that sustainability of bushmeat hunting in tropical areas is of major concern for conservation and development practitioners, we still know very little about how to measure sustainability and how to put in place sustainable bushmeat hunting systems. We review the current limits of traditional methods used to investigate sustainability of bushmeat hunting, discuss the need to incorporate the characteristics of complex systems into sustainability assessments, and suggest how resilience theories could assist in understanding bushmeat sustainability and more effective conservation of wildlife in tropical areas. Traditional methods used to assess the sustainability of bushmeat hunting include demographic models of population growth, one-off biological indicators, population trend methods, harvest-based indicators, and comparisons of demographic parameters between sites. These traditional biological sustainability indices have proved inadequate for measuring the impact of bushmeat hunting because sustainability is treated as a static, binary (yes or no) question, thus ignoring stochastic processes, the inherent variability of natural systems, and the complexity of hunting systems. We suggest that bushmeat hunting systems in tropical areas should be regarded as social-ecological systems in which the impacts of hunting on prey populations are not the only focus. Instead, the analysis of resilience aims at understanding the complex and dynamic relationships between the hunting ground, its resources, the stakeholders, and the different exogenous drivers of change that affect the components of the system at different scales. The main implication of using the resilience theory in the context of bushmeat hunting is the shift from the need to assess stocks with imprecise measures to the incorporation of the uncertainty and stochasticity inherent to complex systems in participatory and adaptive management processes. As such, the resilience analysis provides an unprecedented opportunity for the sustainable use of bushmeat and allows the identification of strategies to strengthen resilience when the system is found to be close to a given threshold, instead of reinforcing fortress conservation.
寻求可持续性：对野生动物收获的评估是否落后于时代？
影响因子：
8.8
作者：
Weinbaum,KarenZ;Brashares,JustinS;Golden,ChristopherD;Getz,WayneM
通讯作者：
Getz,WayneM