Primary brain targets of nerve agents: The role of the amygdala in comparison to the hippocampus
Primary brain targets of nerve agents: The role of the amygdala in comparison to the hippocampus
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.neuro.2009.06.011
复制
发表时间：
2009-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.4
通讯作者：
Braga, Maria F. M.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Aroniadou-Anderjaska, Vassiliki;Figueiredo, Taiza H.;Braga, Maria F. M.
接触工业和农业中使用的神经毒剂和其他有机磷乙酰胆碱酯酶可能导致死亡或脑损伤，从而产生长期的认知和行为缺陷。脑损伤主要是由这些药物引起的强烈癫痫发作引起的。识别对神经毒剂反应最强烈的大脑区域（在产生和传播癫痫活动方面），以及这些区域的生理学和生物化学知识，可以促进药物治疗的开发，即使在癫痫发作良好时进行治疗，也能有效控制癫痫发作。在这里，我们对比了杏仁核和海马体对神经毒剂反应的病理学（神经元损伤）和病理生理学（神经元活动）发现，这两个大脑结构在癫痫发作的产生和传播中发挥着核心作用。迄今为止的证据表明，接触神经毒剂对杏仁核造成的损害明显大于对海马体的损害。此外，在体外脑切片中，杏仁核响应神经毒剂梭曼而产生长时间的癫痫样神经元放电，而海马体仅产生发作间期样活动。现在需要进行体内实验来确认杏仁核在神经毒剂诱发的癫痫发作中所起的主要作用。由爱思唯尔公司出版
Exposure to nerve agents and other organophosphorus acetylcholinesterases used in industry and agriculture can cause death, or brain damage, producing long-term cognitive and behavioral deficits. Brain damage is primarily caused by the intense seizure activity induced by these agents. Identifying the brain regions that respond most intensely to nerve agents, in terms of generating and spreading seizure activity, along with knowledge of the physiology and biochemistry of these regions, can facilitate the development of pharmacological treatments that will effectively control seizures even if administered when seizures are well underway. Here, we contrast the pathological (neuronal damage) and pathophysiological (neuronal activity) findings of responses to nerve agents in the amygdala and the hippocampus, the two brain structures that play a central role in the generation and spread of seizures. The evidence so far suggests that exposure to nerve agents causes significantly more damage in the amygdala than in the hippocampus. Furthermore, in in vitro brain slices, the amygdala generates prolonged, seizure-like neuronal discharges in response to the nerve agent soman, at a time when the hippocampus generates only interictal-like activity. In vivo experiments are now required to confirm the primary role that the amygdala seems to play in nerve agent-induced seizure generation. Published by Elsevier Inc.