Bapx1 is required for jaw joint development in amphibians

Bapx1 is required for jaw joint development in amphibians
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Bapx1 是两栖动物下颌关节发育所必需的

DOI:
10.1111/ede.12267
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发表时间:
2018
影响因子:
2.9
通讯作者:
Olsson
Olsson
中科院分区:
生物学3区
文献类型:
--
作者:
Olsson

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获得可移动的颌骨和颌骨关节是颌骨进化的关键事件。颌骨起源于神经脊派生的咽部骨骼,从无颌脊椎动物到有颌骨脊椎动物的转变包括主要的形态变化,这必须有遗传基础。最近关于bapx1在鱼和鸡中的作用的研究表明,bapx1在脊椎动物进化过程中的初级颌骨关节发育中已经获得了这样的作用,但两栖动物的证据到目前为止还没有。在本研究中,我们以墨西哥Ambystoma,Bombina orientalis和非洲爪哇为研究对象,研究了Bapx1基因敲除对这三种不同两栖动物发育的影响。使用吗啉,我们下调了bapx1的表达,并获得了下颌弓形态发生变化的变体。在缺乏BAPX1Meckeĺ的情况下,S软骨和腭方颌骨关节最初是分开发育的,但随着进一步的发育,两者之间的关节腔充满了软骨细胞。这会导致两个软骨的融合和颌骨关节的丧失。尽管如此,下巴本身仍然可以用来进食和呼吸。我们表明,bapx1在颌骨关节发育过程中起着维持关节的作用,其形态可能反映了颌口动物无颌祖先的形态。
The acquisition of a movable jaw and a jaw joint are key events in gnathostome evolution. Jaws are derived from the neural crest derived pharyngeal skeleton and the transition from jawless to jawed vertebrates consists of major morphological changes, which must have a genetic foundation. Recent studies on the effects ofbapx1knockdown in fish and chicken indicate thatbapx1has acquired such a role in primary jaw joint development during vertebrate evolution, but evidence from amphibians is missing so far. In the present study, we useAmbystoma mexicanum,Bombina orientalis, andXenopus laevisto investigate the effects ofbapx1knockdown on the development of these three different amphibians. Using morpholinos we downregulated the expression ofbapx1and obtain morphants with altered mandibular arch morphology. In the absence ofbapx1Meckeĺs cartilage and the palatoquadrate jaw joint initially develop separately but during further development the joint cavity between both fills with chondrocytes. This results in the fusion of both cartilages and the loss of the jaw joint. Despite this the jaw itself remains usable for feeding and breathing. We show thatbapx1plays a role in jaw joint maintenance during development and that the morphants morphology possibly mirrors the morphology of the jawless ancestors of the gnathostomes.
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