Ecosystem development of a sandbar emergent tidal marsh, Altamaha River Estuary, Georgia, USA
Ecosystem development of a sandbar emergent tidal marsh, Altamaha River Estuary, Georgia, USA
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美国佐治亚州阿尔塔马哈河口沙洲潮汐沼泽的生态系统发展
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发表时间：
2009
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通讯作者：
C. Craft
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作者：
Kandice Krull;C. Craft
测量了位于阿尔塔马哈河口（美国佐治亚州，格鲁吉亚）附近的一个沙洲、一个三年树龄的沙洲新兴沼泽（SEM）和五个成熟的互花米草Loisel沼泽的植被结构和土壤性质，以确定潮汐沼泽植被和土壤的发育速度。在初级继承过程中。这些数据进行了比较，从年轻的（10-16岁）在弗吉尼亚州和年轻的（1-28岁）在北卡罗来纳州建设沼泽地的天然沼泽地，以确定是否生态系统的发展速度是类似的美国东南部海岸的潮汐沼泽地。在三年的出现，地上生物量的SEM是在该地区的成熟沼泽相媲美，虽然茎的高度和密度有明显的不同，因为SEM包含更多的茎，比成熟的沼泽更短的高度。植被定植后，土壤性质（0-30厘米）的扫描电镜已开始区分从沉积物的沙洲。表层（0-10 cm）和亚表层（10-30 cm）土壤容重均小于沙洲，而有机碳（C）、氮（N）和粉粒（0-10 cm）含量均大于沙洲。即便如此，土壤的SEM含有较少的有机C，N，粉砂，粘土比成熟的沼泽。然而，SEM土壤中有机碳（260 ± 40 g m− yr−1）和氮（11 ± 3 g m−2 yr−1）的累积速率比成熟沼泽（35 ± 4 g C m−2 yr−1，2 ± 0.2 g N m−2 yr−1）高5至7倍。土壤有机碳库和氮库的发展轨迹与我们的SEM，年轻的天然S。alterniflora沼泽，杨构建了S.在北卡罗来纳州的互花米草沼泽中，土壤发育的进展速度与美国东南部沿海沿着大部分地区的潮汐沼泽相似。
Vegetation structure and soil properties were measured on a sandbar, a three year old sandbar emergent marsh (SEM), and five mature Spartina alterniflora Loisel marshes located near the mouth of the Altamaha River (Georgia, USA) to determine how quickly tidal marsh vegetation and soils develop during primary succession. Those data were compared to published data collected from young (10–16 yr old) natural marshes in Virginia and young (1–28 yr old) constructed marshes in North Carolina to determine if the rate of ecosystem development is similar among tidal marshes of the southeastern US coast. Within three years of emergence, aboveground biomass of SEM was comparable to mature marshes in the area, although stem height and density were distinctly different as the SEM contained more stems that were of shorter height than mature marshes. Following colonization by vegetation, soil properties (0–30 cm) of SEM had begun to differentiate from sediments of the sandbar. Surface (0–10 cm) and subsurface (10–30 cm) soil bulk density was less, and organic carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and percent silt (0–10 cm) were greater in sediments of SEM than in the sandbar. Even so, soils of SEM contained less organic C, N, silt, and clay than mature marshes. However, accumulation rates of organic C (260 ± 40 g m− yr−1) and N (11 ± 3 g m−2 yr−1) in soils of SEM was 5 to 7 times greater than in mature marshes (35 ± 4 g C m−2 yr−1, 2 ± 0.2 g N m−2 yr−1). Trajectories of development for soil organic C and N pools were similar for our SEM, young natural S. alterniflora marshes in Virginia, and young constructed S. alterniflora marshes in North Carolina suggesting that soil development proceeds at similar rates for tidal marshes along much of the southeast US coast.