Priming production: Neural evidence for enhanced automatic semantic activity preceding language production in schizophrenia.
Priming production: Neural evidence for enhanced automatic semantic activity preceding language production in schizophrenia.
复制标题
启动产生：精神分裂症中语言产生之前自动语义活动增强的神经证据。
DOI：
10.1016/j.nicl.2017.12.026
复制
发表时间：
2018
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Blackford,Trevor
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kuperberg,GinaR;Delaney-Busch,Nathaniel;Fanucci,Kristina;Blackford,Trevor
前言词汇语义障碍被认为是精神分裂症的核心。临床上，它们最明显的表现是语言产生。然而，大多数探索其潜在机制的研究都使用了理解或分类任务。方法19例精神分裂症患者和16例正常对照者被试分别命名一组被掩蔽启动词快速引导的目标图片，然后用事件相关电位（ERPs）检测其语言产生前的自动语义活动。为了探测自动语义活动之前，生产，我们测量了N400 ERP组件诱发这些目标。为了确定任何自动语义异常的起源，我们操纵了启动和目标之间的关系类型，使它们在以下方面重叠：（a）它们的语义特征（语义相关，例如“蛋糕”在a之前）< picture of a pie >，（B）它们的初始音素（音位相关，例如“胃”在a之前< picture of a starfish >），或（c）它们的语义特征和它们的正字法/音位词形式（身份相关，例如“袜子”在a之前< picture of socks >）。对于这三种类型的关系中的每一种，相同的目标都与不相关的基本词配对（在列表中平衡）。结果精神分裂症患者在命名同一性相关靶点前，存在N400的异常调制，在命名同一性相关靶点前，存在N400的异常调制（与不相关的）目标：而健康对照参与者产生的振幅N400的身份相关比无关的目标，患者表现出相反的模式，产生较大的N400的身份相关比无关的目标。这种异常是特定于身份相关的目标。就像健康对照组一样，精神分裂症患者对语义相关的目标产生的N400比对无关的目标产生的N400小，并且在语音相关和无关的目标诱发的N400中没有表现出差异。有两组之间没有差异的命名时间的模式跨conditions.ConclusionPeople精神分裂症患者可以表现出异常的神经活动与自动语义处理之前，语言生产。这种异常对身份相关目标的特异性表明，它可能源于单词的意义和它们的形式之间的映射（连接）的中断，而不是仅仅由语义特征或词汇形式的异常引起。
IntroductionLexico-semantic disturbances are considered central to schizophrenia. Clinically, their clearest manifestation is in language production. However, most studies probing their underlying mechanisms have used comprehension or categorization tasks. Here, we probed automatic semantic activity prior to language production in schizophrenia using event-related potentials (ERPs).Methods19 people with schizophrenia and 16 demographically-matched healthy controls named target pictures that were very quickly preceded by masked prime words. To probe automatic semantic activity prior to production, we measured the N400 ERP component evoked by these targets. To determine the origin of any automatic semantic abnormalities, we manipulated the type of relationship between prime and target such that they overlapped in (a) their semantic features (semantically related, e.g. “cake” preceding a < picture of a pie >, (b) their initial phonemes (phonemically related, e.g. “stomach” preceding a < picture of a starfish >), or (c) both their semantic features and their orthographic/phonological word form (identity related, e.g. “socks” preceding a < picture of socks >). For each of these three types of relationship, the same targets were paired with unrelated prime words (counterbalanced across lists). We contrasted ERPs and naming times to each type of related target with its corresponding unrelated target.ResultsPeople with schizophrenia showed abnormal N400 modulation prior to naming identity related (versus unrelated) targets: whereas healthy control participants produced a smaller amplitude N400 to identity related than unrelated targets, patients showed the opposite pattern, producing a larger N400 to identity related than unrelated targets. This abnormality was specific to the identity related targets. Just like healthy control participants, people with schizophrenia produced a smaller N400 to semantically related than to unrelated targets, and showed no difference in the N400 evoked by phonemically related and unrelated targets. There were no differences between the two groups in the pattern of naming times across conditions.ConclusionPeople with schizophrenia can show abnormal neural activity associated with automatic semantic processing prior to language production. The specificity of this abnormality to the identity related targets suggests that that, rather than arising from abnormalities of either semantic features or lexical form alone, it may stem from disruptions of mappings (connections) between the meaning of words and their form.