Effects of rainfall and terracing-vegetation combinations on water erosion in a loess hilly area, China.
Effects of rainfall and terracing-vegetation combinations on water erosion in a loess hilly area, China.
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DOI：
10.1016/j.jenvman.2020.110247
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发表时间：
2020-05
影响因子：
8.7
通讯作者：
Jing Feng;Wei Wei-Wei;Daili Pan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Jing Feng;Wei Wei-Wei;Daili Pan
梯田和植被恢复是防止水土流失、防治土地退化的基本措施。然而，对不同梯田技术和植被类型的侵蚀控制效益的长期定量评估仍然不足，特别是在降雨量变化的情况下。因此，本文的目的是评估不同梯田植被组合和降雨类型（RT）对中国黄土丘陵流域径流滞留和侵蚀减少的耦合效应。六种类型的梯田-植被组合，包括水平长凳-C。小叶(LM)，鱼鳞坑-P。侧柏（FO），平整的沟渠-P。杏树（LA），之字形梯田-P。侧柏(ZO)、鱼鳞坑-P． tabulaeformis(FT)，zig 梯田-P。设计并监测了油松（ZT）和相应的具有相同植被覆盖和非梯田措施的样地。根据连续五年的监测数据，共观测到造成径流和侵蚀的降雨事件69起。降雨特征值，包括降雨量（RA）、最大10分钟强度（I10）、最大30分钟强度（I30）和降雨持续时间（RD）主导水蚀过程。不同梯田技术的地表径流和沉积物减少效益有所不同。各类梯田-植被组合的平均径流系数（Rc）依次为 FT > LM > FO > LA > ZO > ZT，平均水土流失率（Em）依次为 FT > FO > LM > LA > ZT > ZO。 ZT 的平均径流减少量最高（44.03%），而 ZO 的泥沙减少量最高（39.08%）。 FT 表现最差。就结果而言，需要根据不同地区的主导降雨特征值，选择最佳的梯田植被侵蚀控制措施。总体而言，推荐ZT、ZO和LA组合，而与鱼鳞坑组合则检测到不确定性。应综合考虑微地形建设、优化植物配置和减少水土流失的效率，选择合适的梯田植被措施。管理上应重点关注梯田的建设标准、各项梯田抗侵蚀的门槛以及梯田的及时维护。
Terracing and vegetation restoration are the basic measures to protect soil from water erosion and to combat land degradation. However, long-term quantitative evaluation on the erosion control benefits of different terracing techniques and vegetation types are still insufficient, particularly under variable rainfall. The aim of this article, therefore, is to evaluate the coupling effects of different terracing-vegetation combinations and rainfall types (RTs) on runoff retention and erosion reduction in a loess hilly catchment of China. Six types of terracing-vegetation combinations, including leveled benches-C. microphylla(LM), fish-scale pits-P. orientalis(FO), leveled ditches-P. armeniaca(LA), zig terraces-P. orientalis(ZO), fish-scale pits-P. tabulaeformis(FT), zig terraces-P. tabulaeformis(ZT) and the corresponding plots with same vegetation cover and non-terracing measures were designed and monitored. Based on five consecutive years of monitoring data, 69 rainfall events causing runoff and erosion were observed. Rainfall eigenvalues, including rainfall amount (RA), maximum 10-min intensity (I10), maximum 30-min intensity (I30) and rainfall duration (RD) dominated water erosion processes. Surface runoff and sediment reduction benefits differed with different terracing techniques. Mean runoff coefficients (Rc) among all kinds of terracing-vegetation combinations were FT > LM > FO > LA > ZO > ZT, while mean soil loss rates (Em) among all kinds of combinations were FT > FO > LM > LA > ZT > ZO. ZT showed the highest mean runoff reduction (44.03%), while ZO generated the highest sediment reduction (39.08%). The worst performance was observed in FT. With regards to the results, it is necessary to select the optimal terracing-vegetation measures for erosion control based on the dominant rainfall eigenvalues in different areas. Overall, ZT, ZO and LA combinations are recommended, while uncertainty was detected in combinations with fish-scale pits. Suitable terracing-vegetation measures should be selected after considering the micro-relief construction, the optimization of plant disposition and the efficiency of water erosion reduction. Management should focus on the construction standards, the threshold of resisting erosion for each terracing measure, and timely maintenance of the terraces.