Pedestrian lane formation and its influence on egress efficiency in the presence of an obstacle
Pedestrian lane formation and its influence on egress efficiency in the presence of an obstacle
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.ssci.2021.105455
复制
发表时间：
2021-12
期刊：
影响因子：
6.1
通讯作者：
Xiaolu Jia;H. Murakami;Claudio Feliciani;D. Yanagisawa;K. Nishinari
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Xiaolu Jia;H. Murakami;Claudio Feliciani;D. Yanagisawa;K. Nishinari
由于在步行设施设计时不可避免地要设置障碍物，因此了解障碍物在行人外出时的影响对于构建更安全、更高效的步行环境至关重要。然而，以前的实验研究的影响，在出口的障碍往往是有争议的：一些建议提高出口效率，而其他人没有。这一争议可能是由于障碍物布局和行人推挤程度的多样性，使得单独的障碍物布局的影响机制值得怀疑。本文以行人疏散通道为研究对象，探讨了无有意物理推挤条件下障碍物布局对行人疏散效率的影响机理。控制实验进行了各种障碍布局的障碍物的大小和障碍物的出口距离。初步分析表明，障碍物布局影响出口效率，我们假设这是由于行人车道的形成，即，自行组织起来的单行行人直接走向出口。为了定量验证，我们提出了一种新的两层k均值聚类方法来识别几乎平行的行人车道。在此基础上，提出了一种评价车道形成状况的偏离参数，该参数反映了行人偏离既定车道的程度。我们还发现，偏离参数和出口时间之间的正相关性，这表明较差的车道形成状态可能会导致较低的出口效率。此外，车道形成状态的恶化主要是由换道行为引起的，换道行为表示行人从一个车道移动到另一个车道。进一步的分析表明，换道行为的动机可能是行人在出口前追求更好的出口方向的倾向。结果表明，障碍物可以用来调整行人的车道形成状态，从而控制出口效率。我们也建议通过限制行人换道行为来稳定出口效率的可能性。我们期望本文有助于合理的障碍物放置在实际的步行设施与多样化的障碍物布局和行人的特点。
Due to the inevitability of placing obstacles when designing walking facilities, it is important to understand the influence of the obstacle during pedestrian egress to build a safer and more efficient walking environment. However, previous experimental studies on the influence of the obstacle during egress tend to be controversial: some suggest improving egress efficiency, whereas others do not. This controversy is probably due to the diversified obstacle layouts and pedestrian pushing degree, making the influencing mechanism of the obstacle layout alone dubious. In this paper, we focus on the obstacle layout and explore its influencing mechanism on pedestrian egress efficiency under conditions without intentional physical pushing. Controlled experiments were conducted under various obstacle layouts in terms of obstacle size and obstacle-exit distance. The preliminary analysis revealed that the obstacle layout affected egress efficiency, which we hypothesized was due to the pedestrian lane formation, i.e., the single-files of self-organized pedestrians directed toward the exit. For a quantitative validation, we proposed a novel two-layerk-means clustering method to recognize the pedestrian lanes that are nearly parallel. Accordingly, the deviation parameter, which represented the deviation of pedestrians from the established lane, was proposed to evaluate the lane-formation status. We also found a positive correlation between the deviation parameter and the egress time, suggesting that worse lane-formation status could lead to lower egress efficiency. Moreover, the deterioration of the lane-formation status was mainly caused by the lane-changing behavior, which indicated pedestrian movements from one lane to another. Further analysis showed that the lane-changing behavior was presumably motivated by the tendency of pedestrians to pursue better egress direction before the exit. Results indicated that the obstacle can be used to adjust the pedestrian lane-formation status, thus controlling the egress efficiency. We would also suggest the possibility of stabilizing the egress efficiency through restraining the pedestrian lane-changing behavior. We expect this paper to contribute to the reasonable placement of obstacles in actual walking facilities with diversified obstacle layouts and pedestrian characteristics.