Country-scale greenhouse gas budgets using shipborne measurements: a case study for the UK and Ireland
Country-scale greenhouse gas budgets using shipborne measurements: a case study for the UK and Ireland
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DOI：
10.5194/acp-19-3043-2019
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发表时间：
2019-03
影响因子：
6.3
通讯作者：
C. Helfter;N. Mullinger;M. Vieno;S. O'Doherty;M. Ramonet;P. Palmer;E. Nemitz
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
C. Helfter;N. Mullinger;M. Vieno;S. O'Doherty;M. Ramonet;P. Palmer;E. Nemitz
抽象的。我们提出了一种质量平衡方法，通过在 3 年期间（2015-2017 年）沿英国东海岸的渡轮进行的浓度测量来估算英国（不包括苏格兰）和爱尔兰共和国的二氧化碳 (CO2) 和甲烷 (CH4) 的季节和年度预算。我们估计 CH4 年排放量为 2.55±0.48 Tg，这与各国向《联合国气候变化框架公约》报告的 2.29 Tg 的总和一致。净二氧化碳预算（即包括所有人为和生物来源的二氧化碳源和汇）估计为 881.0±125.8 Tg，净生物贡献为 458.7 Tg（作为估计净排放量与清单值之间的差值，仅考虑人为排放量）。这两种气体的最大排放量是在宽广的纬度带（52.5–54∘ N）中观察到的，该纬度带与人口稠密的地区一致。这两种气体的排放都是季节性的（冬季最高，夏季最低），与天然气使用量密切相关，在较小程度上也与平均气温反相关。在中部地区（北纬 52.8–54.2°N）的季节性时间尺度上，甲烷排放量与气温呈现统计上显着的反相关性，该地区拥有相对较高密度的废物处理设施。由于表土 CH4 氧化潜力的变化，垃圾填埋场的甲烷排放量有时会随着气温降低而增加，我们推测废物部门对该中部地区的 CH4 预算做出了重大贡献。这项研究对使用替代产品估算的排放预算进行了独立验证（例如通过飞机测量、逆向建模、盘存进行的质量平衡预算），并提供了调查这些排放季节性的机会，这通常是不可能的。
Abstract. We present a mass balance approach to estimate the seasonal and annual budgets of carbon dioxide (CO2) and methane (CH4) of the United Kingdom (excluding Scotland) and the Republic of Ireland from concentration measurements taken on a ferry along the east coast of the United Kingdom over a 3-year period (2015–2017). We estimate the annual emissions of CH4 to be 2.55±0.48 Tg, which is consistent with the combined 2.29 Tg reported to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change by the individual countries. The net CO2 budget (i.e. including all anthropogenic and biogenic sources and sinks of CO2) is estimated at 881.0±125.8 Tg, with a net biogenic contribution of 458.7 Tg (taken as the difference between the estimated net emissions and the inventory value, which accounts for anthropogenic emissions only). The largest emissions for both gases were observed in a broad latitudinal band (52.5–54∘ N), which coincides with densely populated areas. The emissions of both gases were seasonal (maxima in winter and minima in summer), strongly correlated with natural gas usage and, to a lesser extent, also anti-correlated with mean air temperature. Methane emissions exhibited a statistically significant anti-correlation with air temperature at the seasonal timescale in the central region spanning 52.8–54.2∘ N, which hosts a relatively high density of waste treatment facilities. Methane emissions from landfills have been shown to sometimes increase with decreasing air temperature due to changes in the CH4-oxidising potential of the topsoil, and we speculate that the waste sector contributes significantly to the CH4 budget of this central region. This study brings independent verification of the emission budgets estimated using alternative products (e.g. mass balance budgets by aircraft measurements, inverse modelling, inventorying) and offers an opportunity to investigate the seasonality of these emissions, which is usually not possible.