Lesions to Lateral Prefrontal Cortex Impair Lexical Interference Control in Word Production.
Lesions to Lateral Prefrontal Cortex Impair Lexical Interference Control in Word Production.
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DOI：
10.3389/fnhum.2015.00721
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发表时间：
2015
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Swick D
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Piai V;Riès SK;Swick D
说话是一种需要控制的行为，例如，为了防止说话者环境中存在的分散注意力或竞争信息的干扰。人们认为对任务表现的控制取决于外侧前额叶皮层（PFC）。然而，神经影像学文献并没有表明左前额叶皮质与言语产生中的干扰控制之间存在一致的关系。在这里，我们通过测试 6 名左 PFC（以腹外侧 PFC 为中心）病变的患者来执行一项要求控制的任务，从而研究了左 PFC 在单词产生干扰控制中的作用。患者和年龄匹配的对照组将命名的图片与干扰性文字一起呈现，从而引起试验内干扰效应。我们改变干扰信息的竞争程度，以增加干扰控制的需要。干扰项在语义上相关、在语音上相关、与图片名称无关或中性（XXX）。两组都表现出词汇干扰（与中性干扰项相比，不相关干扰项的反应较慢），反映了存在竞争性语言信息时的命名困难。相对于对照组，所有六名左 PFC 患者都有更大的词汇干扰效应。相比之下，患者没有表现出一致的语义干扰效应（反映出在语义竞争者中进行选择的困难），而对照组则表现出一致的语义干扰效应。这表明与该范式中的词汇干扰解决方案相比，语义上可能涉及不同的控制机制。最后，患者的语音促进（对语音的反应比不相关干扰项的反应更快）大于对照组。这些发现表明，外侧前额叶皮层是控制单词产生过程中词汇干扰的必要结构，可能是通过早期的注意力阻断机制实现的。相比之下，在图词干扰范式中，左 PFC 在语义干扰解决方面似乎并不重要。
Speaking is an action that requires control, for example, to prevent interference from distracting or competing information present in the speaker’s environment. Control over task performance is thought to depend on the lateral prefrontal cortex (PFC). However, the neuroimaging literature does not show a consistent relation between left PFC and interference control in word production. Here, we examined the role of left PFC in interference control in word production by testing six patients with lesions to left PFC (centered around the ventrolateral PFC) on a control-demanding task. Patients and age-matched controls named pictures presented along with distractor words, inducing within-trial interference effects. We varied the degree of competing information from distractors to increase the need for interference control. Distractors were semantically related, phonologically related, unrelated to the picture name, or neutral (XXX). Both groups showed lexical interference (slower responses with unrelated than neutral distractors), reflecting naming difficulty in the presence of competing linguistic information. Relative to controls, all six left PFC patients had larger lexical interference effects. By contrast, patients did not show a consistent semantic interference effect (reflecting difficulty in selecting amongst semantic competitors) whereas the controls did. This suggests different control mechanisms may be engaged in semantic compared to lexical interference resolution in this paradigm. Finally, phonological facilitation (faster responses with phonological than unrelated distractors) was larger in patients than in controls. These findings suggest that the lateral PFC is a necessary structure in providing control over lexical interference in word production, possibly through an early attentional blocking mechanism. By contrast, the left PFC does not seem critical in semantic interference resolution in the picture-word interference paradigm.