Conflicts induce affiliative interactions among bystanders in a tolerant species of macaque (Macaca tonkeana)
Conflicts induce affiliative interactions among bystanders in a tolerant species of macaque (Macaca tonkeana)
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DOI：
10.1016/j.anbehav.2010.04.016
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发表时间：
2010-08-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Thierry, Bernard
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
De Marco, Arianna;Cozzolino, Roberto;Thierry, Bernard
攻击性对社会群体具有潜在的破坏性。虽然目睹冲突的个人没有受到侵略性互动的直接威胁，但侵略的后果似乎是一段社会不稳定的时期。我们期望旁观者通过与其他群体成员建立联系来应对冲突，从而减少社会紧张。为了验证这一假设，我们收集了两组圈养的通肯猕猴，通肯猕猴的数据。经过一个激动的互动，焦点个人的行为不参与冲突中记录超过5分钟的冲突后时期，与基线期比较。结果表明，旁观者在冲突后时期比在基线时期更有可能表现出从属关系。我们发现，联系更频繁地发生在由友谊联系在一起的个体之间，而亲属关系没有显着的效果出现，这可能与通肯猕猴报告的开放的社会关系。女性比男性更快地发起了联系，涉及身体接触的冲突更快地其次是旁观者之间的联系。在第一次亲密互动后，抓挠率趋于下降。尽管如此，在旁观者中几乎没有看到焦虑的迹象。我们的研究结果反映了通肯猕猴安抚他人和停止侵略的高倾向。这项研究表明，冲突后的联系发生在旁观者之间的一个物种的特点是宽容的社会关系。这可能是灵长类动物之间社会凝聚力的普遍手段。(C)2010年，动物行为研究协会。由爱思唯尔有限公司出版。保留所有权利。
Aggression is potentially disruptive for social groups. Although individuals witnessing a conflict are not directly threatened by aggressive interactions, the aftermath of aggression appears to be a period of social instability. We expected bystanders to respond to conflicts by affiliating with other group members and so reducing social tension. To test this hypothesis we collected data on two captive groups of Tonkean macaques, Macaca tonkeana. After an agonistic interaction, the behaviours of focal individuals uninvolved in the conflict were recorded over 5 min postconflict periods, for comparison with baseline periods. The results showed that bystanders were more likely to show affiliation during postconflict periods than in baselines. We found that affiliation occurred more frequently between individuals linked by friendship, whereas no significant effect of kinship appeared, which may be related to the open social relationships reported in Tonkean macaques. Females initiated affiliation sooner than males and conflicts involving physical contact were more quickly followed by affiliation between bystanders. Rates of scratching tended to decrease after the first affiliative interaction. None the less, few signs of anxiety were observed in bystanders. Our results reflect the high propensity of Tonkean macaques to appease others and stop aggression. This study demonstrates that postconflict affiliation occurs between bystanders in a species characterized by tolerant social relationships. It could be a pervasive means of social cohesion among primates. (C) 2010 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.