Sensitive populations: Who is at the greatest risk?
Sensitive populations: Who is at the greatest risk?
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/0168-1605(96)00996-8
复制
发表时间：
1996-06-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Haas, CN
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Gerba, CP;Rose, JB;Haas, CN
这篇文章的目的是回顾现有的文献，以确定水和食源性肠道微生物造成的严重疾病和死亡风险最大的个体群体。这一群体被发现包括非常年轻的、老年人、孕妇和免疫功能低下的人。这部分人口目前占美国人口的近20%，预计到下个世纪初将显著增加，因为寿命延长和免疫功能受损的人数增加。在发达国家，有记录的胃肠炎和甲型肝炎死亡病例中有一半以上发生在老年人。疗养院爆发食源性细菌性胃肠炎的总病死率比普通人群高10倍。在水媒疾病暴发期间，孕妇感染戊型肝炎的病死率比一般人群高十倍。肠道疾病是免疫功能低下者中最常见和最具破坏性的疾病。隐孢子虫是获得性免疫缺陷综合征(AIDS)患者的严重问题。接受化疗和移植的癌症患者死于肠道病毒感染的风险也比普通人群高得多。这项审查表明，需要考虑加强对某些人口群体的保护，他们将遭受食物和水传播病原体的最大伤害。
The purpose of this article was to review the existing literature to define those groups of individuals who would be at the greatest risk of serious illness and mortality from water and foodborne enteric microorganisms. This group was found include the very young, the elderly, pregnant women, and the immunocompromised. This segment of the population currently represents almost 20% of the population:in the United States and is expected to increase significantly by the beginning of the next century, because of increases in life-span and the number of immunocompromised individuals. More than half of documented deaths from gastroenteritis and hepatitis A illness occur in the elderly in developed countries. The overall case fatality ratio for foodborne bacterial gastroenteritis outbreaks in nursing homes is 10 times greater than the general population. Pregnant mothers suffer from a case fatality ratio from hepatitis E infections ten times greater than the general population during waterborne disease outbreaks. Enteric diseases are most common and devastating among the immunocompromised. Cryptosporidium is a serious problem among patients with acquired immune-deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy and transplant patients, are also at significantly greater risk of dying from enteric viral infections than the general population. This review indicates the need for consideration of enhanced protection for certain segments of the population who will suffer the most from food and waterborne pathogens.